Electrical conductivity and potential gradient measurements in the free atmosphere over India

1972 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Srivastava ◽  
B. B. Huddar ◽  
Anna Mani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Gradient Measurements

scholarly journals Eddy covariance fluxes and vertical concentration gradient measurements of NO and NO<sub>2</sub> over a ponderosa pine ecosystem: observational evidence for within canopy removal of NO<sub>x</sub>

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 12437-12484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-E. Min ◽  
S. E. Pusede ◽  
E. C. Browne ◽  
B. W. LaFranchi ◽  
P. J. Wooldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Abstract Exchange ◽  
Canopy Removal ◽  
Gradient Measurements ◽  
No Emissions

Abstract. Exchange of NOx (NO+NO2) between the atmosphere and biosphere is important for air quality, climate change, and ecosystem nutrient dynamics. There are few direct ecosystem scale measurements of the direction and rate of atmosphere-biosphere exchange of NOx. As a result, a complete description of the processes affecting NOx following emission from soils and/or plants as they transit from within the plant/forest canopy to the free atmosphere remains poorly constrained and debated. Here, we describe measurements of NO and NO2 fluxes and vertical concentration gradients made during the Biosphere Effects on AeRosols and Photochemistry EXperiment 2009. In general, during daytime we observe upward fluxes of NO and NO2 with counter-gradient fluxes of NO. We find that NOx fluxes from the forest canopy are smaller than calculated using observed flux-gradient relationships for conserved tracers and also smaller than measured soil NO emissions. We interpret these differences as evidence for the existence of a "canopy reduction factor". We suggest that at this site it is primarily due to chemistry converting NOx to higher nitrogen oxides within the forest canopy.

Effects of energetic particles on the potential gradient measurements at different latitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Tacza ◽  
Anna Odzimek ◽  
Marek Kubicki ◽  
Jean-Pierre Raulin
Keyword(s):  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Forbush Decrease ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Superposed Epoch Analysis ◽  
Gradient Measurements

&lt;p&gt;Energetic particles are potential candidates to affect the Global Electrical Circuit. This is supported by theoretical models that propose that these events can modify the conductivity profile above thunderstorms. If very strong, they can change the conductivity at low altitudes. We can study these effects through potential gradient measurements in fair weather regions. In this study, we investigate the potential gradient daily curve departures from the standard curve (mean curve in fair weather conditions) during very intense solar proton events and Forbush decrease. The superposed epoch analysis was utilized in order to enhance weak effects. Potential gradient data corresponds to the period between January 2008 and July 2019, and were recorded at two different stations located in different latitudes: CASLEO (Argentina, South Hemisphere) and Swider (Poland, North Hemisphere).&lt;/p&gt;

ATMOSPHERIC POTENTIAL GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS

Geophysics ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Lynn G. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Gradient Measurements ◽  
Made In

Relative atmospheric potential gradient measurements were made in the neighborhood of a salt dome. Two sets of measurements were made simultaneously at two different points. Wulf‐type electrometers were used with thorium ionium nitrate collectors insulated with sulphur. A number of set‐ups were made and no significant variations in potential gradient were found.

scholarly journals The velocity of the negative ions in flames

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (527) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Gas Flame

The following paper contains an account of a series of experiments on the electrical conductivity of a coal-gas flame, the principal object being to determine the velocities of the negative ions in the flame produced either by the ionisation of salt-vapours or by the ionisation of the flame gases. Two methods have been used, and the results arrived at are concordant. The first method depends on a determination of the ratio between the potential gradient in the flame at some distance from the electrodes and the current flowing through it. This method was used to determine the velocity of the ions of the flame gases.

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