Gaze and gaze avoidance as perceived by psychiatrists during clinical interviews with schizophrenic, depressed, and anxious patients

Abstract Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) symptoms are typically assessed via questionnaires in research, yet questionnaires may be more prone to biases than direct clinical interviews. We compared mTBI symptoms reported on two widely used self-report inventories and the novel Structured Interview of TBI Symptoms (SITS). Second, we explored the association between acquiescence response bias and symptom reporting across modes of assessment. Method: Level 1 trauma center patients with mTBI (N = 73) were recruited within 2 weeks of injury, assessed at 3 months post-TBI, and produced nonacquiescent profiles. Assessments collected included the SITS (comprising open-ended and closed-ended questions), Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3 (SCAT-3) symptom checklist, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r) scale. Results: Current mTBI symptom burden and individual symptom endorsement were highly concordant between SITS closed-ended questions, the RPQ, and the SCAT-3. Within the SITS, participants reported significantly fewer mTBI symptoms to open-ended as compared to later closed-ended questions, and this difference was weakly correlated with TRIN-r. Symptom scales were weakly associated with TRIN-r. Conclusions: mTBI symptom reporting varies primarily by whether questioning is open- vs. closed-ended but not by mode of assessment (interview, questionnaire). Acquiescence response bias appears to play a measurable but small role in mTBI symptom reporting overall and the degree to which participants report more symptoms to closed- than open-ended questioning. These findings have important implications for mTBI research and support the validity of widely used TBI symptom inventories.

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The Clinical Utility of Food Addiction: Characteristics and Psychosocial Impairments in a Treatment-Seeking Sample

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3388

Author(s):

Edgar Oliveira ◽

Hyoun S. Kim ◽

Emilie Lacroix ◽

Mária de Fátima Vasques ◽

Cristiane Ruiz Durante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Eating ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Social Impairment ◽

Self Report ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Comorbid Conditions ◽

Food Cravings ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Psychiatric Conditions

Little is known about the characteristics of individuals seeking treatment for food addiction (FA), and the clinical utility of FA has yet to be established. To address these gaps, we examined (i) the demographic, eating pathology, and psychiatric conditions associated with FA and (ii) whether FA is associated with psychosocial impairments when accounting for eating-related and other psychopathology. Forty-six patients seeking treatment for FA completed self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews. The majority of the sample were women and self-identified as White, with a mean age of 43 years. Most participants (83.3%) presented with a comorbid psychiatric condition, most commonly anxiety and mood disorders, with a mean of 2.31 comorbid conditions. FA was associated with binge eating severity and anxiety symptoms, as well as psychological, physical, and social impairment. In regression analyses controlling for binge eating severity, food cravings, depression, and anxiety, FA remained a significant predictor only of social impairment. Taken together, the results suggest that individuals seeking treatment for FA are likely to present with significant comorbid conditions, in particular anxiety disorders. The results of the present research provide evidence for the clinical utility of FA, particularly in explaining social impairment.

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Indirectly Measured Self-esteem Predicts Gaze Avoidance

Self and Identity ◽

10.1080/15298860903512149 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Heleen Vandromme ◽

Dirk Hermans ◽

Adriaan Spruyt

Keyword(s):

Self Esteem ◽

Gaze Avoidance

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Self-report measures of anhedonia and approach motivation weakly correspond to anhedonia and depression assessed via clinical interviews

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.paid.2021.110963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 110963

Author(s):

Paul J. Silvia ◽

Kari M. Eddington ◽

Kathleen H. Maloney ◽

Jaimie M. Lunsford ◽

Kelly L. Harper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Report ◽

Approach Motivation ◽

Clinical Interviews

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Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707001390 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1435-1442 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

P. K. Keel ◽

B. E. Wolfe ◽

J. A. Gravener ◽

D. C. Jimerson

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Self Report ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Purging Disorder ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Axis I ◽

Clinically Significant

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically related to PD rather than to co-morbid disorders.MethodThree groups of normal-weight women [non-eating disorder controls (n=38), with PD (n=24), and with bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging subtype (n=57)] completed structured clinical interviews and self-report assessments.ResultsBoth PD and BN were associated with significant co-morbidity and elevations on indicators of distress and impairment compared to controls. Compared to BN, PD was associated with lower rates of current and lifetime mood disorders but higher rates of current anxiety disorders. Elevated distress and impairment were maintained in PD and BN after controlling for Axis I and Axis II disorders.ConclusionsPD is associated with elevated distress and impairment and should be considered for inclusion as a provisional disorder in nosological schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to facilitate much-needed research on this clinically significant syndrome.

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Dissociative disorder – unraveling the mystery

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1132 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S327-S327

Author(s):

L. Sousa ◽

A. Antunes ◽

S. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationship ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Dissociative Disorders ◽

Dissociative Disorder ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Medical Interventions ◽

Brazilian Woman ◽

History Of ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Car Accident

IntroductionDissociative disorders are among the most enigmatic and controversial psychiatric pathologies. In the last decades, great interest has emerged in understanding its pathophysiology, nonetheless, problems in recognition and management of these disorders are still challenging the psychiatric community.ObjectivesWe describe a paradigmatic case of a dissociative disorder illustrating the “choice” of dissociation as a strategy for coping with a traumatic reality.AimCall attention to problems that interfere with the recognition, diagnosis and management of dissociative disorders.MethodsBibliographic research was conducted through the PubMed in the Medline library and clinical information was obtained through medical records and clinical interviews with the patient.ResultsA 51-year-old Brazilian woman with no psychiatric history presented to the psychiatric outpatient care with apparent dissociative symptoms, these consisted of amnesia for episodes of agitation and aggressive behavior that occurred mainly at bed time. She had been previously on general practice and neurology consultations but none organic diagnose was made. Already in psychiatry, it was recognized that those symptoms developed together after a car accident and the beginning of a romantic relationship. It was also recognized that she has sexual dysfunction and a history of sexual abuse by a family member during her childhood, a known risk factor to dissociative disorders.ConclusionsSkepticism and lack of understanding might be the reason for late psychiatric referral after the realization of various expensive and time-consuming medical exams. Improving the recognition of dissociative disorders will conduce not only to better clinical outcomes but also improve cost effectivity of medical interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Approximating the Mental Lexicon from Clinical Interviews as a Support Tool for Depression Detection

10.1145/3462244.3479896 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esaú Villatoro-Tello ◽

Gabriela Ramírez-de-la-Rosa ◽

Daniel Gática-Pérez ◽

Mathew Magimai.-Doss ◽

Héctor Jiménez-Salazar

Keyword(s):

Mental Lexicon ◽

Support Tool ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Depression Detection

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Psychology of the Subject's Self-Regulatory Activity in the Context of Hybrid Warfare

Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment ◽

10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.01.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Nataliia Makarchuk ◽

◽

Liliia Kulinenko ◽

Olga Vasylieva ◽

Olga Zhurkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Mental Content ◽

Well Being ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Political Life ◽

High Rate ◽

Regulatory Activity ◽

Hybrid Warfare ◽

Clinical Interviews

Objective: The main tasks of this study are as follows: to substantiate the interdependence of perversion as a form of violence and the human ego in the context of hybrid warfare; to prove the existence of perversion as a form of violence against a person in the context of hybrid warfare in Ukraine (personal perversion); to describe the alteration of ego states as conditions for effective human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare. Background: Hybrid warfare, including the Ukrainian-Russian conflict, as a phenomenon, has been widely studied both abroad and in Ukraine. However, there are very few works on the psychological impact of such a war. There are currently no works on disorders of human self-regulatory activity in the context of hybrid warfare, which makes the study unique and relevant. Method: The study used a combination of various methods, in particular, structural-clinical interviews, psychological counseling and therapeutic meetings, data analysis. Data were collected for 2014-2020. The total number of participants was 55 people aged 25 to 63 years, with 70% female and 30% male. Results: The latent tension and denial of hybrid warfare result in a gradual increase of neurotization, which is in 95% of cases passes into a neurosis state with concomitant manifestations of symptoms. There is also a deterioration in psychological well-being and phylogenetic disorders (erogenous dysfunction in men, uncontrolled neurotic masturbation in women). Disorders of the mental level of self-regulation determine the manifestation of the mental content of perversion, in which perversion takes on the character of intrapersonal functioning. Conclusion: The combination of disorders of the physical, mental and personal levels of the self-regulatory activity of the psyche increased perverse tendencies in social and political life, which provoked a high rate of psychotization of the entire society and an increase in deficit characterological manifestations of each individual.

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