Co-morbidity and disorder-related distress and impairment in purging disorder

BackgroundRecent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically related to PD rather than to co-morbid disorders.MethodThree groups of normal-weight women [non-eating disorder controls (n=38), with PD (n=24), and with bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging subtype (n=57)] completed structured clinical interviews and self-report assessments.ResultsBoth PD and BN were associated with significant co-morbidity and elevations on indicators of distress and impairment compared to controls. Compared to BN, PD was associated with lower rates of current and lifetime mood disorders but higher rates of current anxiety disorders. Elevated distress and impairment were maintained in PD and BN after controlling for Axis I and Axis II disorders.ConclusionsPD is associated with elevated distress and impairment and should be considered for inclusion as a provisional disorder in nosological schemes such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to facilitate much-needed research on this clinically significant syndrome.

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Binge/Purge Symptoms and Comorbidity in Adolescents with Eating Disorders

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674379804300510 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Rose Geist ◽

Ron Davis ◽

Margus Heinmaa

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Early Stage ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Self Report ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Assessment Measure ◽

Axis I

Objective: To identify the diagnostic subtypes of eating disorders (EDs), the psychiatric comorbid diagnoses, and associated specific and nonspecific psychopathology in a series of 120 adolescents undergoing standardized assessment for an ED. Method: Consecutive patients referred to our large pediatric hospital for ED assessment completed a semistructured diagnostic interview for children and adolescents. The following self-report scales were administered to assess specific and nonspecific psychopathology: the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2), and the Family Assessment Measure (FAM-III) of family functioning. Results: Female subjects with a mean age of 14.5 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 18.1 comprised 93% of the sample. The restrictive subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN) (43%) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (16%) were the most common diagnoses. Patients with restricting symptoms (R) could be grouped together because they were more similar to each other with respect to self-report symptoms of psychopathology than they were to patients with binge/purge (B/P) symptoms and vice versa. Patients with R endorsed significantly fewer subjective symptoms, both ED-specific and nonspecific, and rated their families' functioning better than did B/P patients. Comorbid, current major depressive disorders and dysthymic disorders occurred in 66% of subjects, but depressive, dysthymic, and oppositional disorders occurred in 96% of those with B/P symptoms. Severity of the CDI was the best single discriminator between R and B/P subjects. Conclusions: Adolescents with EDs in the early stage of their illness are similar to adults with EDs in the following ways: they meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for subtypes of EDs (excluding amenorrhea) and commonly have comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially depressive disorders. Patients with B/P symptoms can be distinguished from restricting subjects because they endorse significantly more ED-specific and nonspecific psychopathology and have a higher frequency of comorbid Axis I diagnoses (especially depressive disorders) than restricting patients. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) occurs more commonly in adolescents with EDs associated with B/P symptoms.

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DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.114.151076 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 209 (4) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yongsheng Tong ◽

Michael R. Phillips ◽

Kenneth R. Conner

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorders ◽

Suicidal Behaviour ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Control Group ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

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Axis I Psychopathology in Bariatric Surgery Candidates with and without Binge Eating Disorder: Results of Structured Clinical Interviews

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-010-0322-9 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 389-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

LaShanda R. Jones-Corneille ◽

Thomas A. Wadden ◽

David B. Sarwer ◽

Lucy F. Faulconbridge ◽

Anthony N. Fabricatore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Binge Eating Disorder ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Axis I

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Clinically diagnosed axis II co-morbidity and the short term outcome of CBT for axis I disorders

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy ◽

10.1002/cpp.477 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marcel van den Hout ◽

Chantal Brouwers ◽

Jacques Oomen

Keyword(s):

Short Term ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Short Term Outcome ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Axis I Disorders ◽

Axis I

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Self-Report Measures of Anhedonia and Approach Motivation Weakly Correspond to Anhedonia and Depression Assessed via Clinical Interviews

10.31234/osf.io/zbcrg ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Silvia ◽

Kari Eddington ◽

Kathleen H. Maloney ◽

Thomas Richard Kwapil ◽

Kelly Harper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Activation ◽

Self Report ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Approach Motivation ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Face To Face ◽

Diagnostic Interviews ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Physical Anhedonia ◽

Consummatory Pleasure

Self-report scales are popular tools for measuring anhedonic experiences and motivational deficits, but how well do they reflect clinically significant anhedonia? Seventy-eight adults participated in face-to-face structured diagnostic interviews: 22 showed clinically significant anhedonia, and 18 met criteria for depression. Analyses of effect sizes comparing the anhedonia and depression groups to their respective controls found large effects, as expected, for measures of depressive symptoms, but surprisingly weak effect sizes (all less than d=.50) for measures of general, social, or physical anhedonia, behavioral activation, and anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Measures of Neuroticism and Extraversion distinguished the anhedonic and depressed groups from the controls at least as well as measures of anhedonia and motivation. Taken together, the findings suggest that caution is necessary when extending self-report findings to populations with clinically significant symptoms.

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Painful temporomandibular disorders, self reported tinnitus, and depression are highly associated

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130191 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 943-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Giovana Fernandes ◽

Daniela Aparecida de Godoi Goncalves ◽

Jose Tadeu Tesseroli de Siqueira ◽

Cinara Maria Camparis

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Causal Relationship ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Self Report ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Axis I ◽

Research Diagnostic Criteria

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association among painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD), self reported tinnitus, and levels of depression. Method The sample consisted of 224 individuals with ages ranges from 18 to 76 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I were used to classify TMD and Axis II were used for self reported tinnitus, and to score the levels of depression. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied. Results The presence of painful TMD without tinnitus was significantly associated with moderate/severe levels of depression (OR=9.3, 95%; CI: 3.44-25.11). The concomitant presence of painful TMD and tinnitus self-report increased the magnitude of the association with moderate/severe levels of depression (OR=16.3, 95%; CI, 6.58-40.51). Conclusion Painful temporomandibular disorders, high levels of depression, and self reported tinnitus are deeply associated. However, this association does not imply a causal relationship.

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Comparative Assessment of Cognitive Function and Mood Dynamics in Patients with Depression and Eating Disorders in the Process of Treatment

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S285-S285

Author(s):

I. Makhortova ◽

O. Shiryaev

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Group 1

Eating disorders of bulimic type are among the most common comorbidities with depression. The objective is to evaluate cognitive function and mood dynamics in patients with depression and eating disorders in pharmacotherapy. In total, 52 outpatients, who met criteria for “major depressive episode” (ICD-10), participated. The level of depression was estimated with Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D) and cognitive function–Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa). Sample was divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 also met criteria for eating disorder of bulimic type and patients of group 2 did not have any eating disorder. Treatment included standard doses of SSRI. Assessments were performed after 2, 4 and 8 weeks (D14, D30, D60). The level of HAM-D was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in eating disorders group (16.75 ± 2.83 in group 1; 13.04 ± 1.93 in group 2 at screening) and significance was preserved till D60 (9.39 ± 2.54 in group 1; 6.32 ± 1.27 in group 2 at D60). Clinically significant antidepressive effect was revealed faster in group 2 (at D7) compared to group 1 (at D14). Overall score of MoCA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in eating disorders group (20.33 ± 0.54 in group 1; 23.43 ± 2.32 in group 2 at screening) at all stages of treatment (23.39 ± 0.78 in group 1; 26.96 ± 3.27 in group 2 at D60) and it reached normal range (25 and more) only in group 2 at D60. Significant change from screening was revealed at D30 at group 2 and at D60 at group 1.ConclusionEating disorder have an impact on SSRI treatment efficacy including antidepressive and procognitive effects. It is necessary to reveal eating disorders as a co-morbidity in patients with depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Biopsychosocial Aspects of Atypical Odontalgia

ISRN Neuroscience ◽

10.1155/2013/413515 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Ciaramella ◽

M. Paroli ◽

L. Lonia ◽

M. Bosco ◽

P. Poli

Keyword(s):

Pain Perception ◽

Temporomandibular Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Perception Threshold ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Clinical Interviews ◽

Atypical Odontalgia ◽

C Fibers ◽

Axis I

Background. A few studies have found somatosensory abnormalities in atypical odontalgia (AO) patients. The aim of the study is to explore the presence of specific abnormalities in facial pain patients that can be considered as psychophysical factors predisposing to AO. Materials and Methods. The AO subjects () have been compared to pain-free (), trigeminal neuralgia (), migraine (), and temporomandibular disorder (). The neurometer current perception threshold (CPT) was used to investigate somatosensory perception. Structured clinical interviews based on the DSM-IV axis I and DSM III-R axis II criteria for psychiatric disorders and self-assessment questionnaires were used to evaluate psychopathology and aggressive behavior among subjects. Results. Subjects with AO showed a lower Aβ, Aδ, and C trigeminal fiber pain perception threshold when compared to a pain-free control group. Resentment was determined to be inversely related to Aβ (rho: 0.62, ), Aδ (rho: 0.53, ) and C fibers (rho: 0.54, ), and depression was inversely related with C fiber (rho: 0.52, ) perception threshold only in AO subjects. Conclusion. High levels of depression and resentment can be considered predictive psychophysical factors for the development of AO after dental extraction.

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Complicated Grief and Suicidality: The Impact of Subthreshold Mood Symptoms

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852912000090 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Liliana Dell'Osso ◽

Claudia Carmassi ◽

Paola Rucci ◽

Antonio Ciapparelli ◽

Ciro Conversano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Complicated Grief ◽

Self Report ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Mood Symptoms ◽

Axis I Disorders ◽

Axis I ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between subthreshold mood symptoms and suicidality in patients with complicated grief (CG).MethodsFifty patients with CG were included in the study and evaluated by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis-I disorders, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, and the Mood Spectrum Self Report (MOODS-SR) lifetime version, to evaluate the subthreshold mood symptoms.ResultsTwenty-eight patients (56%) reported lifetime suicidal ideation and 11 patients (22%) reported suicide attempts. Subthreshold depressive and rhythmicity/vegetative functions items of the MOODS-SR were significantly associated with increased suicidal ideation and attempts, while subthreshold manic items were associated with suicidal ideation only. Relationships were confirmed after controlling for Axis-I disorders comorbidity.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest the usefulness of exploring lifetime subthreshold mood symptoms in CG patients, in order to promptly identify those who may be more prone to suicidality.

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Do We Need Another Eating Disorder?

The Void Inside ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190061166.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

Pamela K. Keel

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Purging Disorder

Most people know about anorexia and some know about bulimia, but very few have ever heard of purging disorder. Purging disorder is an eating disorder characterized by self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications to influence weight or shape in individuals who are not underweight and who do not have large binges. This chapter describes how and when purging disorder was first identified, placing it in the context of the identification of other eating disorders and the factors that determine whether a condition should be considered a new mental disorder. It describes how purging disorder came to be included as an “other specified feeding or eating disorder” in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

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