Interspecies variation in liver weight, hepatic blood flow, and antipyrine intrinsic clearance: Extrapolation of data to benzodiazepines and phenytoin

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Boxenbaum
Author(s):  
П.Н. Савилов

Цель исследования - изучение кровотока и напряжения кислорода в печени при механическом, химическом и комбинированном поражении и курсовом воздействии гипербарической оксигенации (ГБО). Методика. Опыты выполнены на 143 белых крысах-самках массой 180-220 г. Механическое повреждение печени моделировали частичной гепатэктомией (ЧГЭ), удаляя часть левой доли печени (15-20% массы органа), химическое поражение - подкожным введением 50% раствора ССl4 на оливковом масле (0,1 мл/100 г). Инъекции делали через день на протяжении 65 сут. Для комбинированного поражения на 65-е (последние) сут введения ССl4 проводили ЧГЭ с последующей ГБО (3 ата, 50 мин, трёхкратно, через 4-8, 24 и 48 ч после ЧГЭ.) Печёночный кровоток в оперируемой левой (ЛДП) и одной из неоперируемых (средней, СДП) доле печени исследовали методом водородного клиренса. Напряжение кислорода (рО2) в печёночной ткани исследовали полярографически с платиновым электродом с поправкой на температурный коэффициент. Исследования проводили на 3-и, 7-е и 14-е сут послеоперационного (1-е, 4-е и 11-е сут постгипероксического) периода. Результаты. ЧГЭ у здоровых животных, стимулируя кровоток в обеих исследуемых долях печени, снижает рО2 только в остатке ЛДП на 3-и и 7-е сутки послеоперационного периода. На 65-е сут введения ССl4 наблюдается снижение кровотока в остатке ЛДП и СДП, соответственно, на 42% и 39%, а рО2 на 50%. Эти показатели не нормализуются к 14-м сут после отмены токсина. Применение ЧГЭ на 65-е сут введения ССl4 вызывает увеличение кровотока на 3-и и 7-е сут послеоперационного периода только в СДП, однако на 14-е сут он снижается до уровня конца затравки. Это сопровождается кратковременной нормализацией сниженного рО2 на 7-е сутки послеоперационного периода. В остатке ЛДП у животных с хроническим ССl4-гепатитом и ЧГЭ величина кровотока и рО2 не изменяется, оставаясь ниже нормы к 14-м сут после ЧГЭ. Применение ГБО у здоровых крыс с ЧГЭ устраняет стимулирующее влияние операции на кровоток в обеих исследуемых долях органа, нормализуя рО2 в остатке ЛДП и снижая его в СДП на 3-и и 7-е сут, которое устраняется к 14-м сут после ЧГЭ на фоне отсроченного стимулирующего влияния гипероксии на кровоток в этой доле печени. У животных с комбинированным поражением печени применение ГБО стимулирует увеличение кровотока в обеих исследуемых долях органа, что способствует увеличению рО2 относительно предоперационного уровня, но полной его нормализации не происходит. Стимулирующее влияние ГБО на кровоток у животных с комбинированным поражением печени сохраняется к 11-м сут постгипероксического периода. Заключение. Длительное действие на организм ССl4 снижает чувствительность печёночного кровотока к стимулирующему влиянию ЧГЭ, способствуя стойкому развитию гипоксии в повреждённой и неповреждённой при операции долях печени. Реакция кровотока и тканевого рО2 оперированной печени на ГБО находится в прямой зависимости от состояния данного органа на момент гипероксического воздействия. The aim of study was to investigate hepatic blood flow and oxygen tension in mechanical, chemical, and combined injury of the liver and during a course of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). Methods. Experiments were performed on 143 white female rats weighing 180-220 g. Mechanical injury of the liver was modeled with partial hepatectomy (PHE) by removing a part of the left hepatic lobe (HL) (15-20% of liver weight). Chemical injury was modeled by subcutaneous injection of 50% ССl4 in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g). Injections were performed every second day for 65 days. For the combined injury, PHE followed by HBO (3 ATA, 50 min) was performed on day 65 (last day) of ССl4 administration. HBO was applied three times, at 4-8, 24, and 48 hours after PHE. Hepatic blood flow was studied using hydrogen clearance in the operated, left HL (LHL) and in one of unoperated, middle HL (MHL). Hepatic oxygen tension (рО2) was evaluated by polarography with a platinum electrode; data were corrected for the temperature coefficient. Studies were performed on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14 (posthyperoxia days 1, 4, and 11). Results. In normal animals, PHE stimulated blood flow in both studied hepatic lobes and decreased рО2 only in the remaining LHL on postoperative days 3 and 7. On day 65 of ССl4 administration, blood flow was reduced by 42% and 39%, respectively, in remaining LHL and MHL while рО2 was reduced by 50%. These changes were not reversed by day 14 following the toxin withdrawal. PHE performed on day 65 of ССl4 administration caused an increase in blood flow on postoperative days 3 and 7 only in MHL; however, on day 14, the blood flow decreased to the level of the end of toxin administration. This was associated with a brief normalization of the reduced рО2 on postoperative day 7. In the remaining LHL of animals with chronic ССl4-induced hepatitis and PHE, values of blood flow and рО2 did not change and remained below the normal level at 14 days after PHE. The HBO exposure of healthy rats with PHE abolished the stimulating effect of surgery on blood flow in both studied hepatic lobes, thereby normalizing pO2 in the remaining LHL and decreasing pO2 in MHL on days 3 and 7. This was reversed by postoperative day 14 due to the stimulating effect of hyperoxia on blood flow in this HL. In animals with combined injury of the liver, HBO stimulated blood flow in both studied HLs, thereby increasing рО2 above the preoperative level; however, a complete recovery did not occur. The stimulating effect of HBO on blood flow in animals with combined injury remained by day 11 of the posthyperoxic period. Conclusion. A prolonged exposure to ССl4 reduced the sensitivity of hepatic blood flow to the stimulating effect of PHE, which facilitated development of persistent hypoxia in both injured and uninjured HLs. Responses to HBO of blood flow and tissue рО2 in operated liver directly depend on the state of liver at the moment of hyperoxia exposure.


1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Wartnaby ◽  
I.A.D. Bouchier ◽  
C.E. Pope ◽  
Sheila Sherlock

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Burkle ◽  
Marvin L. Gliedman

1965 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-F. Aronsen ◽  
B. Ericsson ◽  
A. Fajgelj ◽  
S.-E. Lindell

Summary 133Xe dissolved in saline was injected into the portal vein in man. Hepatic blood flow was calculated from the disappearance rate of 133Xe recorded with scintillation detectors placed over the liver. The results are discussed and related to simultaneous measurements of the pressure in the portal vein.


1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Viorica Szantay ◽  
Lidia Marian

SummaryTracer quantities of colloidal 198Au were used to estimate the hepatic blood flow in normal children and in children with active or progressive chronic hepatitis and also to obtain scintigrams of the liver.In active chronic hepatitis a significant decrease in HBF values was observed, suggesting that the method may be used as a diagnostic criterion which is superior to hepatic scintigraphy.In progressive chronic hepatitis HBF values even lower than those in active hepatitis were observed. Together with more characteristic clinical findings and abnormal results of biochemical function tests, they underline the value of the method in estimating the severity and the evolution of the disease.


2000 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Takashi Shibata ◽  
Takahiro Niinobu ◽  
Masashi Kitada ◽  
Takashi Shimano ◽  
Motohisa Takami ◽  
...  

HPB Surgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jakab ◽  
Z. Ráth ◽  
F. Schmal ◽  
P. Nagy ◽  
J. Faller

Data regarding the afferent circulation of the liver in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma are controversial, we have carried out measurement of hepatic arterial and portal venous flow intraoperatively by transit time ultrasonic volume flowmetry. In patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma the hepatic artery flow increased to 0.55±0.211 compared with the control value of 0.37±0.102 1/min. (p<0.01). The portal venous flow decreased from 0.61±0.212 l/min, to 0.47±l/min. p<0.01). Due to the opposite changes in the afferent circulation the total hepatic blood flow did not change significantly, compared with controls.The ratio of hepatic arterial flow to portal vein flow increased to 1.239±0.246 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is double of the control value (0.66±0.259 l/min). After resection this ratio did not change.The resection did not alter hepatic artery or portal venous flow significantly, although the total hepatic blood flow decreased significantly (p<0.01).On the basis of our early results it is possible that the ratio of the two circulations may be to deel measured with doppler ultrasound and provide diagnostic information.


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