Effects of glucagon and secretin on food- or morphine-induced motor activity of the distal colon, rectum, and anal sphincter

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on colonic motor activity in the fasted and fed states in six conscious dogs. Each dog was implanted with nine strain gauge transducers: three on the proximal, three on the middle, and three on the distal colon. The dogs ran for 1 h on a treadmill at 5 km/h (slope 5%). In the fasted state, the dogs exercised during the 5th h of recording after an overnight fast, and in the fed state during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postprandial hour. In the fasted state, exercise significantly decreased the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes (MMCs) but had no effect on the total or the mean duration of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. Postprandially, exercise disrupted colonic MMCs and replaced them with nonmigrating motor complexes in all three periods of exercise (1st, 3rd, and 6th h). Exercise also increased the total duration per hour of contractile activity throughout the colon during the 1st and 3rd h and only in the distal colon during the 6th h after the meal. The dogs never defecated during rest in the fasted or the fed state. Shortly after the start of exercise in the fasted and fed states, giant migrating contractions (GMCs) occurred, and they were followed by defecation. In approximately 40% of the experiments, another GMC originated in the proximal colon, approximately 10 min after the first defecation, and migrated caudad up to the middle colon. These GMCs were not associated with defecation but caused mass movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on the Enkephalinergic Innervation of the Pig Gastrointestinal Tract

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/002215540004800303 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 333-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Christophe Porcher ◽

Yvon Julé ◽

Monique Henry

Keyword(s):

Anal Sphincter ◽

Neural Control ◽

Circular Muscle ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽

Submucous Plexus ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative

Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.

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837 The Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Retrograde Motor Activity in the Distal Colon Defined by High-Resolution Colonic Manometry

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(16)30680-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 150 (4) ◽

pp. S177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony Y. Lin ◽

Peng Du ◽

Jozef Kamp ◽

Leo K. Cheng ◽

Philip Dinning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽

Colonic Manometry

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CCK2 receptors mediate inhibitory effects of cholecystokinin on the motor activity of guinea-pig distal colon

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.039 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 557 (2-3) ◽

pp. 212-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Matteo Fornai ◽

Rocchina Colucci ◽

Luca Antonioli ◽

Fabio Baschiera ◽

Narcisa Ghisu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Cck2 Receptors

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Colonic formation of soft feces in rabbits: a role for endogenous prostaglandins

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.3.g302 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (3) ◽

pp. G302-G308

Author(s):

M. Pairet ◽

T. Bouyssou ◽

Y. Ruckebusch

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Potential Role ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Evening Meal ◽

Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽

Conscious Animals ◽

Indomethacin Treatment ◽

Stimulation Of

Rabbits produce hard and soft feces in a circadian rhythm. The motor activity of the haustrated proximal colon is inhibited during the formation of soft feces, whereas the spiking activity of the distal colon is stimulated. A potential role for endogenous prostaglandins (PG) in the control of the soft-feces elaboration by the rabbit colon was investigated in conscious animals by using PGE2 and PGF2 alpha and by inhibiting them with indomethacin. The infusion of both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha induced typical electromechanical events consisting of inhibition of the proximal and stimulation of the distal colon and was followed by soft-pellet defecation. Rabbits accustomed to be fed twice daily produced soft feces at fixed intervals of 252 +/- 32 min after the evening meal, with a soft-to-hard feces ratio of 1.45. After indomethacin treatment, this ratio was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced to 0.92. These results are consistent with the concept that endogenous prostaglandins play a major role in the motor function involved in soft-feces formation by the rabbit.

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Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1992.262.1.g62 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (1) ◽

pp. G62-G68 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. K. Sarna

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Motor Pattern ◽

Total Duration ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

Colonic Motor ◽

Colonic Motor Activity ◽

The Mean ◽

Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Basal motor activity of the distal colon: A reappraisal

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(83)90019-7 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 637-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Vicente P. Dinoso ◽

S.N.S. Murthy ◽

Jack Goldstein ◽

Bruce Rosner

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Distal Colon

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The relationship between inflammation-induced neuronal excitability and disrupted motor activity in the guinea pig distal colon

Neurogastroenterology & Motility ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01702.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 673-e279 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

J. M. Hoffman ◽

N. D. McKnight ◽

K. A. Sharkey ◽

G. M. Mawe

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Neuronal Excitability ◽

Distal Colon ◽

The Relationship

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Effects of fractionated doses of ionizing radiation on colonic motor activity

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.4.g518 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (4) ◽

pp. G518-G526 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. F. Otterson ◽

S. K. Sarna ◽

S. C. Leming ◽

J. E. Moulder ◽

J. G. Fink

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Contractile Activity ◽

Distal Colon ◽

Colonic Motor ◽

Colonic Motor Activity ◽

The Mean ◽

Motor Effects ◽

Control State ◽

Abdominal Irradiation ◽

Giant Migrating Contractions

The colonic motor effects of fractionated irradiation were studied in five conscious dogs. Seven colonic and two ileal strain gauge transducers were implanted. After control recordings, an abdominal dose of 250 cGy was administered three times a week on alternate days for three successive weeks (total dose 2,250 cGy). Recordings were then continued for 3 wk after the completion of radiation. Colonic giant migrating contractions (GMCs) occurred at a frequency of 0.15 +/- 0.05 contractions/h in the control state. Only one of these contractions (8.3%) originated in the small bowel and propagated into the colon. Abdominal field irradiation significantly increased the incidence of colonic GMCs to 0.51 +/- 0.11 contractions/h (P < 0.05). Fifty-four percent of GMCs originated in the small intestine. GMCs during the radiation schedule were associated with explosive diarrhea on seven occasions. Irradiation did not alter the frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes, but the mean duration of contractile states decreased in the middle and distal colon. Diarrhea occurred as early as the second dose of radiation. Pathological changes in the colon were correlated with motor activity. Both small intestinal and colonic GMCs reverted to control frequencies after cessation of radiation exposure. Abdominal irradiation significantly altered the contractile activity of the colon. These changes are associated with abdominal cramping and diarrhea.

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