Selecting nest-sites of sumatran organ-utans,Pongo pygmaeus abelii in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia

Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus is considered to be one of the rarest and most threatened species in the Neotropical region, yet little is known about its distribution and life-history. We studied the population of Brazilian Merganser in and around Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during 1996, with additional observations from 1997 to 2000. In this paper we report the sighting of previously undiscovered pairs and present some new behavioural data, including a description of calls performed by males and females, feeding behaviour, home ranges, parental care and population density. We also describe a previously unreported plumage of the young. A total of 39 individuals were recorded, comprising 12 adults (six pairs) and 27 young. Brood size ranged from two to four (mean 2.7), being smaller than in other Mergus spp. (e.g. Goosander Mergus merganser). Two pairs were located within the SCNP, and four on unprotected stretches of river outside. Home range was large compared with other Mergus spp., each pair using on average 9 km of river. Range size was thought to be related to the availability of suitable nesting and feeding sites. SCNP and its environs contain very little mature gallery forest with trees large enough to provide nest sites (most having been selectively logged in the past). There is also competition for nest sites with other birds and mammals. All suitable habitat surrounding the SCNP is now occupied by adult birds, leaving none for young birds. Further research is needed to determine the fate and dispersion routes of juveniles. Future conservation priorities for Brazilian Merganser in and around SCNP include the installation of nest boxes to test whether the availability of good quality nest sites limits breeding success. A captive breeding programme could be established using eggs from these nest boxes. This would help to ensure the survival of this species and to provide birds for future reintroduction programmes should they be deemed necessary. Further surveys, with subsequent establishment of reserves at key sites, are required throughout the Brazilian Merganser's range.

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Studi Karakteristik Sarang Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) di Resort Sangatta dan Resort Sangkima Taman Nasional Kutai

SCISCITATIO ◽

10.21460/sciscitatio.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marcelina Tikurara Londong Allo ◽

Kisworo ◽

Suhendra

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

National Park ◽

Tree Height ◽

Pongo Pygmaeus ◽

Average Height ◽

Tree Diameter ◽

Transect Line ◽

Nest Height ◽

Nest Type

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) merupakan satwa langka yang harus dikonservasi melalui pelestarian Taman Nasional Kutai (TNK). Studi karakteristik sarang orangutan merupakan bagian dari upaya pelestarian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan jalur transek dengan menghitung sarang orangutan serta mencatat karakteristik sarang orangutan yang meliputi kelas sarang, posisi sarang, tinggi sarang, tinggi pohon, diameter pohon dan jenis pohon sarang. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 173 sarang orangutan yang terdiri dari 84 sarang di resort Sangatta dan 89 sarang di resort Sangkima. Jenis sarang didominasi oleh kelas sarang C dan D dengan posisi sarang sebagian besar terdapat pada ujung dahan (UD) di resort Sangatta, posisi sarang terbanyak ada pada ujung dahan (UD) dan pucuk pohon (PP) di resort Sangkima. Rata-rata tinggi sarang orangutan adalah 12,2 - 40,2 m, diameter pohon 17,4 - 110 cm, dan tinggi pohon 12,2 - 40,2 m di resort Sangatta. Pada resort Sangkima rata-rata tinggi sarang orangutan adalah 10,2 - 24,2 m dengan diameter pohon 20 - 109,4 cm dan rata-rata tinggi pohon 14-28,6 m. Karakteristik sarang orangutan menjadi indikator kondisi habitat orangutan yang ada di TNK. Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) is a rare animal that must be conserved through the preservation of the Kutai National Park (KNP). Study of orangutan nest characteristics is part of conservation efforts. The method used in this study is to use a transect line by counting orangutan nests and noting orangutan nest characteristics which include nest class, nest position, nest height, tree height, tree diameter and nest tree species. At the study site, 173 orangutan nests were found, consisting of 84 nests at Sangatta resort and 89 nests at Sangkima resort. The nest type is dominated by the nest classes C and D with the nest position mostly found at the tip of the branch (UD) at Sangatta resort, the position of most nests is at the tip of the branch (UD) and tree tops (PP) at the Sangkima resort. The average height of orangutan nests is 12.2 - 40.2 m, tree diameter 17.4 - 110 cm, and tree height 12.2 - 40.2 m at Sangatta resort. At Sangkima resort, the average height of orangutan nests is 10.2 - 24.2 m with a tree diameter of 20 - 109.4 cm and an average tree height of 14-28.6 m. The characteristics of orangutan nests are an indicator of the condition of orangutan habitat in KNP.

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Natural nest-sites of Great Tits (Parus major) in a primeval temperate forest (Białowieża National Park, Poland)

Journal of Ornithology ◽

10.1007/s10336-015-1169-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (3) ◽

pp. 613-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Marta Maziarz ◽

Tomasz Wesołowski ◽

Grzegorz Hebda ◽

Marta Cholewa

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Parus Major ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Natural Nest ◽

Białowieża National Park

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Nesting Biology and Taxonomy of Arpactophilus-Mimi, a New Species of Social Sphecid (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) From Northern Australia

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9880585 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

RW Matthews ◽

ID Naumann

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Ovarian Development ◽

Brood Care ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Nesting Biology ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Adult Females ◽

Single Nest ◽

A New Species

Arpactophilus mimi, Naumann, sp. nov., is described from Kakadu National Park, N.T. and its biology is outlined. A. mimi nests in abandoned cells of mud-dauber wasps in sandstone overhangs. Its nests are lined heavily with silk and contain 1-15 cells and 1-10 adult wasps (1-7 females, 0-3 males). On average nests contain 5.2 cells and 2.75 adult females. Prey (immature Psyllidae and Tingidae) are supplied progressively. Nests are parasitised by a species of megalyrid wasp, but incidence of parasitism is low. Nest defense is both physical (entrance guard always present) and chemical (citrus odour from heads of both sexes). Females from a single nest could be ranked on the basis of relative ovarian development, suggesting that more than one female oviposits. Females apparently cooperate in brood care and offspring in a nest develop asynchronously. The biology of A. mimi is compared to that of Microstigmus comes Krombein, the most socially advanced sphecid known, and selective pressures that may have acted to promote female cooperation in the two genera are discussed. For A. mimi the lack of available nest sites could be an important factor restricting the ability of offspring to disperse and establish nests.

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Microhabitat Characteristics of Lapland Longspur, Calcarius lapponicus, Nests at Cape Churchill, Manitoba

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v119i2.108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Clint W. Boal ◽

David E. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

National Park ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Land Cover Type ◽

Shrub Species ◽

Land Cover Types ◽

Chen Caerulescens ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Pressure Ridge ◽

Calcarius Lapponicus

We examined microsite characteristics at 21 Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) nests and land cover types in which they occurred in Wapusk National Park, Cape Churchill, Manitoba. Nests were located in four of six physiographic-vegetation land-cover types. Regardless of land-cover type, all but one nest was built on a pressure ridge or mound. Nests were built midway between the bottom and top of ridges or mounds with steeper slopes than was randomly available. Longspur nests had a distinctive southwest orientation (P < 0.001). Longspurs selected nest sites that consisted of comparatively greater amounts of shrub species and lesser amounts of moss than were randomly available. Nests were generally well concealed by vegetation (mean = 67.0%) and concealment was negatively associated with amount of graminoid species at the nest (P = 0.0005). Our nesting habitat data may facilitate a better understanding of breeding Lapland Longspur habitat requirements, and potential impacts of habitat degradation by increasing Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) populations in the study area.

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Productivity of Black Oystercatchers: Effects of Recreational Disturbance in a National Park

The Condor ◽

10.1093/condor/108.3.623 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 623-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julie A. Morse ◽

Abby N. Powell ◽

Michael D. Tetreau

Keyword(s):

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Recreational Disturbance ◽

Nest Sites ◽

Daily Survival ◽

Breeding Territory ◽

Annual Productivity ◽

Low Levels ◽

Breeding Seasons ◽

Territory Occupancy

Abstract National parks in Alaska are generally assumed to be high-quality, undisturbed wildlife habitats. However, these parks attract recreational users, whose presence may reduce the suitability of key habitats for nesting shorebirds. In Kenai Fjords National Park, Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) often breed on gravel beaches that are also popular campsites. In this study, we examined the effects of recreational activities in coastal Alaska on reproductive performance of Black Oystercatchers. We monitored survival of nests and chicks on 35 to 39 breeding territories annually during four breeding seasons (2001–2004). Most recreational disturbance on these territories occurred after the peak hatching date of first clutches. Annual productivity was low (average of 0.35 chicks per pair), but was not strongly affected by recreational disturbance. Daily survival of nests varied annually and declined over the season. Our results suggest that nest survival was lower during periods of extreme high tides. Daily survival rate of broods increased over the season and was higher on island than mainland territories, likely due to differences in predator communities. Territory occupancy rate and site fidelity were high; 95% of color-banded oystercatchers returned to the same breeding territory in the subsequent year. We conclude that Black Oystercatchers are resilient to low levels of recreational disturbance. However, in light of projected increases in recreation, we suggest managers move campsites away from the traditional nest sites identified in this study to minimize future disturbances.

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