I Wanna Draw Like You: Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Orang-Utan Drawings

This study analyses 749 drawings by five female Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We searched for differences between individuals but also tried to identify possible temporal changes among the drawings of one individual, Molly, who drew almost 1300 drawings from 2006 to 2011. An analysis of the drawings was carried out after collecting quantitative and qualitative variables. Our findings reveal evidence of differences in the drawing style of the five individuals as well as creative changes in Molly’s drawing style throughout her lifetime. Individuals differed in terms of the colours used, the space they filled, and the shapes (fan patterns, circles, or loops) they drew. Molly drew less and less as she grew older, and we found a significant difference between drawings produced in winter, when orang-utans were kept inside and had less activity, and those produced during other seasons. Our results suggest that the drawing behaviour of these five orang-utans is not random and that differences among individuals might reflect differences of styles, states of mind, and motivation to draw.

I Wanna Draw Like You: Inter- and Intra-Individual Differences in Orang-utan Drawings

This study analyses 749 drawings of five female Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) at Tama Zoological Park in Japan. We searched for differences between individuals but also tried to identify possible temporal changes among the drawings of one individual, Molly, who drew almost 1,300 drawings from 2006 to 2016. An analysis of the drawings was carried out after collecting quantitative and qualitative variables. Our findings reveal evidence of differences in the drawing style of the five individuals as well as creative changes in Molly’s drawing style throughout her lifetime. Individuals differed in terms of the colours used, the space they filled but also the shapes (fan patterns, circles or loops) they drew. Molly drew less and less as she grew older, and we found a significant difference between drawings produced in winter, when orang-utans were kept inside and had less activity, and those produced during other seasons. Our results suggest that the drawing behaviour of these five orang-utans is not random and that differences among individuals might reflect differences of styles, states of mind but also motivation to draw.

ANALISIS KINERJA PENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM MENURUNKAN KASUS PERDAGANGAN ILLEGAL SATWA YANG DILINDUNGI DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

This research is motivated by the high cases of illegal trade of protected wildlife in West Kalimantan Province. Animal trade tends to be endangered and included in the endangered list. Actions of animal trade that still occur in West Kalimantan Province indicate the low level of law enforcement and weak supervision by related parties in combating cases of protected animal trade. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors causing the occurrence of illegal trade crimes against protected animals in the West Kalimantan region, and analyze the performance of stakeholders in law enforcement against the illegal trade of protected animals in the West Kalimantan region based on their role and authority. This study uses a survey method that is guided by a questionnaire. The selection of respondents by purposive sampling, data analysis using policy analysis then the data is descriptive with tabulation. The results of the study show that in the period of 2016-2019 there were 49 cases of illegal wildlife trade in West Kalimantan Province, the traded animals are species belonging to protected animals and classified in the Appendix I. category. The dominant protected species traded in the 2016-2019 period originated from anteater species (Manis javanica), Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus), and Turtle (Chelonia sp.). The dominant factor in the illegal trade of protected animals in the province of West Kalimantan in the 2016-2019 period was economic factors, followed by motives for the collection of rare goods and consumption. The performance of stakeholders in law enforcement against protected animals in the West Kalimantan region has succeeded in handling criminal cases against protected animals, all of which ended with the execution of the defendant.Keywords: law enforcement performance, protected animals, illegal trading, stakeholders.AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi tingginya kasus perdagangan illegal satwa dilindungi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Perdagangan satwa yang dilakukan cenderung pada spesies-spesies langka dan termasuk dalam daftar terancam punah. Aksi perdagangan satwa yang masih terjadi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat mengindikasikan masih rendahnya penegakan hukum dan lemahnya pengawasan oleh pihak terkait dalam memberantas kasus perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan perdagangan illegal terhadap satwa yang dilindungi, serta menganalisis kinerja pemangku kepentingan dalam penegakan hukum terhadap perdagangan illegal satwa yang dilindungi di wilayah Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan peran dan kewenangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey yang dipandu dengan kuesioner. Pemilihan responden dengan purposive sampling, analisis data menggunakan analisis kebijakan kemudian data dideskriptif dengan tabulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kurun waktu 2016-2019 terdapat 49 kasus perdagangan satwa illegal di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, satwa yang diperdagangkan merupakan jenis satwa yang termasuk ke dalam satwa dilindungi dan tergolong dalam kateogri Appindiks I. Satwa dilindungi dominan yang diperdagangkan pada periode 2016-2019 berasal dari spesies trenggiling (Manis javanica), Orang utan (Pongo pygmeus), dan Penyu (Chelonia sp.). Faktor dominan perdagangan illegal satwa dilindungi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dalam periode 2016-2019 adalah faktor ekonomi kemudian diikuti motif koleksi barang langka dan konsumsi. Kinerja pemangku kepentingan dalam penegakan hukum terhadap satwa yang dilindungi di wilayah Kalimantan Barat, telah berhasil menangani kasus pidana terhadap satwa dilindungi yang kesemuanya berahir dengan eksekusi kepada terdakwa.Kata kunci: kinerja penegakan hukum, perdagangan illegal, satwa dilindungi, pemangku kepentingan.

Primates in Paris and Edgar Allan Poe’s Paradoxical Commitment to Foreign Languages

Drawing on recent innovations in detective criticism in France, this article broadens the quest to exonerate Poe’s famous orang-utan and argues that the Urtext of modern Anglo-American crime fiction is simultaneously a rejection of linguistic dominance (of English in this case) and an apologia for modern languages. This promotion of linguistic diversity goes hand in hand with the wilful non-self-coincidence of Poe’s detection narrative, which recalls, and pre-empts, the who’s-strangling-whom? paradox of deconstructionist criticism. Although “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” is prescient, founding modern crime fiction for future generations, it is entwined with a nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture that not only poses men fighting with animals but also inverts classical scenarios, thereby questioning the binary of savagery versus civilization and investing animals with the strength to kill humans while also positing them as the victims of human violence.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO STRENGTHEN INDONESIAN PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INDONESIAN SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL (ISPO)

The palm oil development provides many advantages for Indonesia. One of which is that the development of Indonesian palm oil came fast and contributed a lot to the country's economic sectors. There are also other organic oil-based, such as jatropha, camelina, soybean and rapeseed. However, compared the palm oil to the other base of the organic oil materials, palm oil price outperforms the others oil-based because of the stability of the palm oil price. Palm oil benefits the Indonesian economy and the triple bottom line of John Elkington: people, planet, and profit. However, there is a critical issue with palm oil production. Its production is believed not to apply sustainability principles. Thus, it can damage and ruin the natural environment in Indonesia; for example, it damaged the area where the Sumatran tiger, Sumatran Orang Utan, and Borneo Orang Utan lived. Through the ministry of agriculture, the government established Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) to answer this critical issue and recover the sustainability aspect of Indonesian palm oil. Abstrak: Indonesia beruntung karena dapat menikmati berbagai manfaat dari pembangunan kelapa sawit yang merupakan salah satu ciri dan keuntungan tersendiri yang Indonesia miliki, pembangunan kelapa sawit Indonesia sangat cepat dan pesat serta memberikan kontribusi yang tinggi terhadap negara melalui sektor ekonomi, jika dibandingkan dengan minyak nabati lainnya seperti : jathropa, camelina, soy bean dan rapeseed, kelapa sawit lebih unggul dari segi ekonomi yang mana dari segi harga lebih stabil jika dibandingkan minyak nabati dengan bahan baku lainnya. Minyak kelapa sawit memberikan berbagai manfaat bagi Indonesia selain daripada ekonomi juga terhadap triple bottom line sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh John Elkongton yakni people, planet dan profit sehingga dalam pemanfaatannya memberikan dampak yang baik meski begitu tetap saja dihadapkan dengan berbagai critical issue mengenai kelapa sawit. Dalam kegiatan produksi kelapa sawit diyakini bahwa belum mengedepankan aspek keberlanjutan yang kemudian berdampak terhadap kerusakan lingkungan di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Indonesia, ISPO, Pembangunan Kelapa Sawit, Aspek Keberlanjutan, Triple Bottom Line

Pelaporan Isu Kelapa Sawit dalam Tajuk Akhbar dalam Talian: Analisis Pragmatik

The Reporting on Palm Oil Issues in Online Newspaper Headlines: A Pragmatic Analysis ABSTRACT Over a decade, the production of palm oil by Malaysia faces challenges from the European Union countries. They accused that the production of palm oil has caused a hazard to the environment, the extinction of orang utan and exploitation of labourers. In return, Malaysian newspapers have written many articles in clearing the accusations. This study aims to analyze the headlines on palm oil used in online Malay newspapers from the perspective of pragmatics. The pragmatic analyses focus on the speech act used in the headlines. The news on palm oil reported in online newspapers is selected from the year 2017 to 2020. Data are obtained from three online newspapers namely Malaysiakini (malaysiakini.com), Berita Harian (bharian.com.my) and Harian Metro (hmetro.com.my). A total of 70 data on palm oil issues are gathered randomly and has been analyzed using Searle Speech Act Taxonomy (1979). The finding shows that the reporters used four types of speech acts that are assertive, directive, commissive and expressive as a tool in achieving the intended meaning and as a source in conveying messages to the audience pertaining to the palm oil issues in Malaysia. It is apparent that from the four types mentioned above, the assertive act is most frequently used in the headlines. It fits the purpose of the assertiveness feature in reporting news or disseminating information on palm oil to the readers. Keywords: Pragmatics, headlines, palm oil, online newspapers, performative.