Male dominance rank and offspring-initiated affiliative behaviors were not predictors of paternity in a captive group of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina)

Primates ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gust ◽  
T. P. Gordon ◽  
W. F. Gergits ◽  
N. J. Casna ◽  
K. G. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Affiliative Behaviors ◽  
Pigtail Macaques

Male Dominance and Reproductive Success in a Captive Group of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 129 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Glenn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Lower Ranking

AbstractPaternity exclusion analysis was employed to estimate the reproductive success (RS) of 32 males who experienced at least one breeding season over the age of four years between 1977 and 1991 in a captive group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Although three different males held alpha rank during the period, the male dominance hierarchy remained relatively stable even when the number of males was high. Average dominance rank and overall RS of males while in the group were strongly correlated. However, during most years the correlation between male dominance rank and RS was not statistically significant because males who achieved high rank 1)were those who experienced relatively high RS as lower ranking subadults and 2) maintained high dominance rank after experiencing a sustained decline in RS. Correlations between male dominance rank and RS were highest when the number of subadult males entering the dominance hierarchy was increasing and one or a very few males were least effective in monopolizing females. These results are not consistent with expectations based solely on the priority of access model of intrasexual selection. Female choice, as exemplified by the preference of females for mating with young males that are rising in rank, might also influence the evolution of social dominance in rhesus macaques.

Gestural Communication and Its Cognitive Implications in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca Nemestrina)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 997-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Maestripieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Gestural Communication ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pigtail Macaques ◽  
Bonding Patterns

AbstractThe aims of this study were to identify the context of occurrence of some of the most prominent gestural signals in pigtail macaques and discuss the cognitive implications of some communicative interactions observed in this species. The occurrence of 15 selected visual and tactile behavior patterns in a multi-male multi-female captive group of pigtail macaques was recorded with the behavior sampling method in 100 h of observation. Bared-teeth, presentation, and lip-smack were primarily submissive signals displayed by both males and females, whereas nonthrusting mounts appeared to reflect dominance. Ventro-ventral embracing and eyebrow displays were used as affiliative and bonding patterns between females and between males, respectively. The pucker was the most frequent signal observed in the group. Although the pucker occurred in several different contexts, in most cases this signal served a distance-reducing or summoning function. Gestural signals appeared to be used by pigtail macaques to communicate emotional states and intentions to other individuals as well as to request the participation of other individuals in specific social interactions.

Effects of group composition on agonistic behavior of captive pigtail macaques,Macaca nemestrina

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dazey ◽  
K. Kuyk ◽  
M. Oswald ◽  
J. Martenson ◽  
J. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Pigtail Macaques

scholarly journals Robustness mechanisms in primate societies: a perturbation study

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1568) ◽  
pp. 1091-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C Flack ◽  
David C Krakauer ◽  
Frans B. M de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Control Structures ◽  
Captive Group ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
System Robustness

Conflict management mechanisms have a direct, critical effect on system robustness because they mitigate conflict intensity and help repair damaged relationships. However, robustness mechanisms can also have indirect effects on system integrity by facilitating interactions among components. We explore the indirect role that conflict management mechanisms play in the maintenance of social system robustness, using a perturbation technique to ‘knockout’ components responsible for effective conflict management. We explore the effects of knockout on pigtailed macaque ( Macaca nemestrina ) social organization, using a captive group of 84 individuals. This system is ideal in addressing this question because there is heterogeneity in performance of conflict management. Consequently, conflict managers can be easily removed without disrupting other control structures. We find that powerful conflict managers are essential in maintaining social order for the benefit of all members of society. We show that knockout of components responsible for conflict management results in system destabilization by significantly increasing mean levels of conflict and aggression, decreasing socio-positive interaction and decreasing the operation of repair mechanisms.

A further description of the control role in pigtail macaques,Macaca nemestrina

Primates ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euclid O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Pigtail Macaques

scholarly journals Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes and Identification of Cardiac Conduction System Connexins Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Macaca nemestrina

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Agus Harsoyo ◽  
Irma Herawati Suparto ◽  
Yoga Yuniadi ◽  
Arief Boediono ◽  
Dondin Sajuthi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Differentiation ◽  
Pigtail Macaque ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Pigtail Macaques

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used, because plasticity, specific surface markers, self-renewal to transform into various lineages including cardiomyocytes. Information about the connexin (Cx) cardiac conduction systems of the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate cardiomyocyte differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of pigtail macaques and to clarify the Cx cardiac conduction system. Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from the proximal humerus of four adult male pigtail macaques, collected into heparinized tubes, then centrifuged to obtain mononuclear cells that were isolated and cultured in an incubator. After these cells reached 70–80% monolayer confluency as homogeneous fibroblast-like cells, they were subcultured. On the second subculture passage, the cells were pelleted to extract the mRNA, which was analysed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and then cultured for a third passage. Cells were positive for CD73 and CD105 and the reference gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and negative for CD34 and CD45. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and cardiomyocyte differentiation was confirmed based on specific staining. The pigtail macaque bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated and subcultured. The transcription of genes and translation of proteins of the connexin cardiac conduction systems was successfully identified.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of the leaf clip gesture during an alpha takeover affects variation in male chimpanzee loud calls

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammie K. Kalan ◽  
Christophe Boesch
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Loud Calls ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Pant Hoot ◽  
Population Comparisons

Loud calls are used by many species as long-distance signals for group defense, mate attraction, and inter- and intragroup spacing. Chimpanzee loud calls, or pant hoots, are used in a variety of contexts including group coordination and during male contests. Here, we observed an alpha male takeover in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) during which the leaf clipping gesture re-emerged after disappearing for almost two years in this community. Leaf clipping only occurred in males and was observed almost exclusively prior to pant hoot vocalizations, as has been observed in other chimpanzee communities of the Taï forest in Côte d’Ivoire. Consequently, we hypothesized that leaf clipping may be important for male-male competition by affecting variation in the acoustic properties of male chimpanzee loud calls. We therefore investigated whether pant hoots preceded by leaf clipping differed acoustically from those without, while also testing the influence of social context on pant hoot variation, namely male dominance rank and hierarchy instability, i.e., before, during and after the alpha takeover. We found that pant hoots preceded by leaf clipping were longer, contained more call elements and drum beats, and lower fundamental and peak frequencies. Moreover, during the alpha takeover pant hoots were shorter, contained fewer drum beats and higher fundamental frequencies. Additionally, pant hoot and aggression rates were also highest during the alpha takeover with leaf clipping more likely to occur on days when pant hooting rates were high. Overall social rank had limited effects on pant hoot variation. We suggest that elevated arousal and aggression during the alpha takeover triggered the re-emergence of leaf clipping and the associated acoustic changes in pant hoots. Further research should focus on the potential mechanisms by which leaf clipping is connected to variation in pant hoots and cross-population comparisons of the behaviour.

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