The impact of unionization, right-to-work laws, and female labor force participation on earnings inequality across states

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nieswiadomy ◽  
Daniel J. Slottje ◽  
Kathy Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Right To Work Laws

scholarly journals Role of Female Labor Force Participation in Child Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Mabrooka Altaf ◽  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Child Immunization ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of female labor force participation on child (under 5-years of age) health in Pakistan. Child health was gauged through child immunization coverage status measured by recording receipt of 22 doses of eight basic vaccines.  A micro data set (i.e., 5872 children) from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-2018 was utilized for the study. As per recommendations of the World Health Organization, if a child had received all the 22 doses of those eight important vaccinations, he/she was assumed as highly immunized, and vice versa. The impact of mothers’ employment and other explanatory variables, on child health, was investigated using Ordered logistic regression. The child with higher birth order (OR = 0.927; p-value = 0.000), the child of not-working mother (OR = 0.829; p-value = 0.012), the child of illiterate mothers (OR = 0.606; p-value = 0.000), the child of the mother having no own mobile phone (OR = 0.793; p-value = 0.000), and the child belonged to the poorest family (OR = 0.535; p-value = 0.000) had less likelihood of immunization coverage. Mother’s age (OR = 1.055; p-value = 0.005), number of ANC visits made by the mother (OR = 0.925; p-value = 0.000), and male gender of the child (OR = 1.086; p-value = 0.082) had more probabilities for child immunization coverage. Hence, there is a need to alleviate poverty and gender discrimination as well as to create  opportunities to increase female education, awareness, and labor force participation for better outcomes relating to child health.

scholarly journals Leaving Work Behind? The Impact of Emigration on Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-153
Author(s):  
Audrey Lenoël ◽  
Anda David
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unpaid Family Work

Based on a mixed-methods approach using the 2006–2007 Morocco Living Standards Measurement Survey and qualitative interviews, this article examines the distinct roles that international migration and remittances play in female labor force participation (FLFP) in origin-country households and discusses the implications in terms of women’s empowerment. We find that having an emigrant among household members increases FLFP for a given household, while receiving remittances decreases it. However, these effects are significant only for unpaid family work, that is, a category of work unlikely to lead to any form of economic empowerment. Although previous studies sometimes hypothesized that emigration could drive gender-sensitive development at origin, the quantitative and fieldwork findings suggest that, while paid work remains a route to female empowerment, predominantly male emigration is unlikely to play a positive role in supporting women’s access to income-generating activities in a society characterized by strong patriarchal gender norms and poor job opportunities.

scholarly journals Restrictions on the Effects of Preference Variables in the Rotterdam Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Brown ◽  
Jonq-Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Rotterdam Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study examines imposing and testing restrictions on preference variables in the Rotterdam model through the impacts of these variables on marginal utilities. An empirical analysis of the impact of a female labor force participation variable in a Rotterdam demand system for fresh fruit illustrates the methodology. This variable was modeled through its impact on marginal utilities via “adjusted” prices, following theoretical work by Basmann and Barten, among others. Results show that the female labor participation has negatively impacted the demands for citrus, while positively impacting the demands for other fresh fruit.

scholarly journals Female Labor Force Participation under COVID-19 Pandemic:Evidence from the first round of the Uganda High-frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukoki James ◽  
Candia Andabati Douglas ◽  
Ssebulime Kurayish ◽  
Musoke Edward
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The outbreak of the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 disease has taken the world by storm, given the containment measures better known as the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), including strict or mild lockdowns and social distancing measures. The impact of these aggregated measures have caused not only loss of lives but also financial, economic, social and even political unrest around the world and Uganda has not been spared either, given its weak economic and health care system (UBOS 2020). This study thus was designed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures and its associated self-reported threat on the female labor force participation (FLFP) in Uganda following the March 20th 2020 shutdown of the economy by the government. The interest in women in this study stems from the fact that despite economic activity shutdown, women’s work and roles extend beyond their office space to their home. Therefore using the first round of the Uganda High-Frequency Phone Survey on COVID-19 (UHFS) dataset conducted by Uganda Bureau of Statistic (UBOS) following the lockdown measure, our results indicates a 17% reduction in FLFP in the early days of the economic shutdown. We further find larger impacts of lockdown on female labor force participation in extreme cases where both partners are under locked down. These impacts are more pronounced among women with children as opposed to those without children. Conversely our results indicates larger impacts of lockdown among those with initial conditions of unemployment prior to the outbreak than those who were employed in time following the pandemic outbreak. We see our results as being consistent with the famous household labor theories. Our results point to the need for preferential treatment for women to encourage and enhance their labor market participation in times of pandemic. Lastly social programs targeting particularly women should be designed and implemented under the ministry of Gender Labor and Social Development.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Economic Globalization And Female Labor Force Participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Azeema Begam ◽  
Nooreen Mujahid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Integrating Vector ◽  
The Impact

Female labor participation is now being considered as one of the main elements of development among policy makers, feminist, sociologists and economists. Female labor supply is an essential factor not only for economic development but also for socio-economic development of a nation. This paper empirically examines the nexus between economic globalization and female labor force participation (FLFP) for Pakistan from 1973 to 2014. Furthermore, this study also explores the role of economic stability through female’s unemployment rate, inflation rate and per capita income, and increase in productivity through human capital investment on female labor force. This study also finds out the impact of gender disparity on female labour force participation in Pakistan. For estimation of result, Autoregressive Distributive  Lag Model ARDL approach to co-integration has been applied which identifies co- integrating vector(s). After identification of co-integrating vector(s) ARDL model is  re-parameterized into ECM. The empirical finding proves a positive and significant relationship between economic globalization and FLFP in long run as well as in short run for Pakistan. Beyond labor laws, policy maker should focus on whether female will get new job opportunities and benefits of new markets especially for females when a country opens it economy. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve access to education for females and developing their skills by providing training program, promote children care centers, legal measures to reduce the burden of domestic chores, and encourage private sector development in different sectors especially in industries that may help to increase employment opportunities for females in Pakistan.

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