Probable causes for cyanobacterial expansion in the Baltic Sea: Role of anoxia and phosphorus retention

Estuaries ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Westman ◽  
Johanna Borgendahl ◽  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Nianhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Long-term changes in Secchi depth and the role of phytoplankton in explaining light attenuation in the Baltic Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 102-103 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Fleming-Lehtinen ◽  
Maria Laamanen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Baltic

The Role of the Barotropic Water Exchange in the Formation of the Baltic Sea-Level Spectrum

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
E. A. Kulikov ◽  
I. P. Medvedev ◽  
K. P. Koltermann
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Level Spectrum ◽  
The Baltic

Grain Market Integration in the Baltic Sea Region in the Nineteenth Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik N.G. Andersson ◽  
Jonas Ljungberg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dynamic Factor Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Atlantic Economy ◽  
The Baltic

This article explores the development of market integration within the Baltic Sea region and with England, from the 1840s to the late 1880s. It exploits two new datasets on grain prices. The degree of market integration is estimated using a wavelet variant of dynamic factor analysis that takes account of both time and distance. Additionally, we use the London corn market as the benchmark for the degree of market integration. Our results show that the role of distance disappeared in the wheat and rye, but not in the oats and barley trade, as the Baltic Sea Region became integrated into the Atlantic economy.

scholarly journals Elemental composition of invertebrates shells composed of different CaCO<sub>3</sub> polymorphs at different ontogenetic stages: a case study from the brackish Gulf of Gdansk (the Baltic Sea)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Piwoni-Piórewicz ◽  
Stanislav Strekopytov ◽  
Emma Humphreys-Williams ◽  
Piotr Kukliński
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. In this study, the concentrations of 12 metals: Ca, Na, Sr, Mg, Ba, Mn, Cu, Pb, V, Y, U and Cd in shells of bivalve molluscs (aragonitic: Cerastoderma glaucum, Mya arenaria and Limecola balthica and bimineralic: Mytilus trossulus) and arthropods (calcitic: Amphibalanus improvisus) were obtained. The main goal was to determine the incorporation patterns of shells built with different calcium carbonate polymorphs. The role of potential biological control on the shell chemistry was assessed by comparing the concentrations of trace elements between younger and older individuals (different size classes). The potential impact of environmental factors on the observed elemental concentrations in the studied shells is discussed. Specimens were collected from brackish waters of the Baltic Sea (the Gulf of Gdansk). For every species, 40 individuals (ten in each size class) were selected. Pre-cleaned shells were analysed by ICP-OES and ICP-MS to determine the concentrations of metals. The distributions of elements both differ between species and exhibit high intraspecific variability. Calcitic shells preferentially incorporated Mg > Sr > Na, aragonitic shells incorporated Na > Sr > Mg, and bimineralic shells accumulated Na approximately two times more intensively, than Mg and Sr which remained at similar levels. Among all species, the calcitic shells of A. improvisus most effectively concentrated the majority of the studied elements, especially Mg > Mn > Ba, which was contrary to the shells of aragonitic molluscs that contained the lowest levels of trace elements. The size-dependent distributions of elements in shells did not exhibit a consistent pattern. The highest significant differences were found for the bimineralic shells of M. trossulus, while the smallest were found for aragonitic shells; if any variability occurred, it was observed in heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Our results indicate that elemental variability, especially that of Mg and Sr, is dominated by the properties of the crystal lattice. The inconsistent variability of trace element concentrations between species and within single populations supports the important role of species-specific biological control of the biomineralization process and indicates that environmental factors have a significant influence on the incorporation of trace elements into the shells.

scholarly journals ON THE GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE TO THE BALTIC SEA AND METHODS FOR ESTIMATING IT

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. ZEKTZER
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Hydrodynamic Method ◽  
The Baltic

The methods for quantitatively estimating ground-water discharge to the Baltic Sea and the possibilities of applying these methods to investigations of the role of ground water in the water and salt balances of the Baltic Sea are discussed. The combined hydrological and hydrogeological method, the hydrodynamic method, and the method of the average long-term water balance of recharge areas are recommended for general quantitative estimation of ground-water discharge to the sea. Data on the ground-water discharge to the Baltic Sea from the zone of intensive circulation (relatively shallow aquifers) within the U.S.S.R. are presented. Certain conclusions are drawn, and objectives of future investigations are mentioned.

scholarly journals Burial and decomposition of plant pigments in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea: role of oxygen and benthic fauna

2012 ◽  
Vol 455 ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Josefson ◽  
J Norkko ◽  
A Norkko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Plant Pigments ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Ecology and Distribution of the Isopod Genus Idotea in the Baltic Sea: Key Species in a Changing Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Leidenberger ◽  
Karin Harding ◽  
Per R. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMarine isopods of the genus Idotea [I. balthica (Pallas, 1772), I. chelipes (Pallas, 1766), and I. granulosa Rathke, 1843] are common meso-grazers that enter deep into the Baltic Sea and here appear to live at their physiological limit, determined by salinity and temperature tolerance. We review available data on distribution and community ecology to assess the functional role of Idoteain the Baltic Sea and how global change may affect essential ecological interactions. Data from the last 150 years suggest an on-going shift southward for I. chelipes and I. granulosa that may be caused by a changing climate. Several studies report local extinctions and mass abundances, which may be caused by a changing food web from over-fishing and eutrophication. The three species of Idotea have clear habitat segregation in the Baltic Sea, where salinity, temperature and vegetation are the main dimensions. Idotea spp. have a central role as grazers and in communities dominated by the perennial macrophytes Fucus spp. and Zostera marina and attain impressive feeding rates on a range of epiphytes/filamentous algae (top-down effect). Idotea can have both a direct negative grazing effect on macrophytes but also an indirect positive effect by removing epiphytes. The relative role of nutritional value and chemical defence for food preference is yet unclear for Idotea. Baltic idoteids are also important prey for several fish (bottom-up effect) and fish predation may have increased following overfishing of piscivorous fish. It is concluded that Idotea is a key taxon in the Baltic Sea food web, where guilds often contain few dominant species. Changes in population dynamics of Idotea, as a function of human generated global change, may have large-scale consequences for ecosystem functions in a future Baltic Sea, e.g. the extent of vegetation cover in the coastal zone.

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