The effect of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation in wheat, triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

In F1 plants from crosses between Triticum aestivum var. 'Chinese Spring' monosomic 5D and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. var. aucheri (Boiss) it was found that at a temperature of 12 °C the presence of chromosome 5D is necessary to maintain the level of homoeologous pairing and chiasma formation observed under greenhouse conditions. Some genotypes of Ae. speltoides, however, were more efficient than others in compensating for the absence of chromosome 5D. The differences in compensating ability indicate the existence of several alleles in Ae. speltoides that counteract the low-temperature pairing system on chromosome 5D. An analogous system of alleles previously reported in Ae. speltoides that suppresses the chromosome 5B diploidising system of wheat was substantiated by the present study. The results indicate, however, that the two systems are independent.

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GENETIC REGULATION OF HETEROGENETIC CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN POLYPLOID SPECIES OF THE GENUS TRITICUM sensu lato

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g82-007 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 57-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Patrick E. McGuire ◽

Jan Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chromosome Pairing ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Genetic Regulation ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Polyploid Species ◽

D Genome ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

A Genome

Polyploid species of Triticum sensu lato were crossed with Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. Chinese Spring monotelodisomics or ditelosomics that were monosomic for chromosome 5B. Progeny from these crosses were either euploid, nullisomic for 5B, monotelosomic for a given Chinese Spring chromosome, or nullisomic for 5B and monotelosomic simultaneously. The Chinese Spring telosome in the hybrids permitted the evaluation of autosyndesis of chromosomes of the tested species. In addition, several Chinese Spring eu- and aneuhaploids were produced. Genotypes of T. cylindricum Ces., T. juvenale Thell., T. triunciale (L.) Raspail, T. ovatum (L.) Raspail, T. columnare (Zhuk.) Morris et Sears, T. triaristatum (Willd.) Godr. et Gren., and T. rectum (Zhuk.) comb. nov. were all shown to have suppressive effects on heterogenetic pairing in hybrids lacking 5B or 3AS, whereas T. kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden had no effect. It was concluded that diploid-like meiosis in these species is due to genetic regulation. A number of these genotypes promoted heterogenetic pairing in the presence of 5B. A model is presented to explain this dichotomous behavior of the tested genotypes. Monotelosomic-3AL haploids had a greater amount of pairing than did euhaploid Chinese Spring, which substantiated the presence of a pairing suppressor(s) on the 3AS arm. Evidence is presented that shows that T. juvenale does not have a genome homologous with the D genome of T. aestivum.

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Mapping of a chromosome pairing gene and 5S rRNA genes in Triticum aestivum L. by a spontaneous deletion in chromosome arm 5Bp

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g86-037 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 266-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Rama S. Kota ◽

Jan Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chromosome Pairing ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

5S Rrna ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

C Banding ◽

Aegilops Longissima ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

5S Rrna Genes

A deletion in the p arm of chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring was identified by C-banding during the production of disomic substitutions of 6B of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. et Muschl. for chromosome 5B of cv. Chinese Spring. The deletion was terminal with a breakpoint just proximal to the interstitial C-band. The degree of metaphase I chromosome pairing in plants homozygous for the deletion indicated that the chromosome pairing promoting gene known to be in the p arm of chromosome 5B is located in the deleted portion of that arm. Additionally, all of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes known to exist on arm 5Bp were mapped to this deleted portion.Key words: C-banding, 5S rRNA genes, Triticum, Aegilops chromosome aberration.

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INDUCED PAIRING BETWEEN A WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AND AN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOME

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g81-006 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y. Yasumuro ◽

R. Morris ◽

D. C. Sharma ◽

J. W. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Leaf Rust Resistance ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Puccinia Graminis ◽

Agropyron Elongatum ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

Transfer Genes ◽

I Cells

A study was initiated to transfer genes for stem- and leaf-rust resistance from a chromosome (designated 6Ag) of Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv to a homoeologous chromosome (6D) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. aestivum group) by inducing pairing between 6Ag and 6D in the absence of the Ph gene on wheat chromosome 5B. Plants monosomic for SB, 6D and 6Ag were crossed with Chinese Spring nullisomic-5B tetrasomic-5D or with Chinese Spring monosomic or trisomic for SB with an induced mutation, phlb, of the Ph locus. Tests of 282 offspring in the seedling stage for reaction to the stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. &E. Henn. race 56 or 15B-2, were used to identify 70 plants with 6Ag, which was transmitted through 25% of the female gametes. Meiotic observations on 51 of these plants indicated that six were monosomic for 6D and 6Ag, but lacked an entire 5B or had 5B with the phlb mutation. The frequency of metaphase I cells with pairing between 6D and 6Ag averaged 4.94% in three plants that were nullisomic for 5B and 2.48% in two plants that had a single dose of 5B with the phlb mutation.

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The arm ratio of chromosome 5B from Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring at mitosis and meiosis

Hereditas ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5223.1973.tb01096.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 316-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Larsen ◽

G. Kimber

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

Mitosis And Meiosis

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INDUCTION OF HOMOEOLOGOUS PAIRING IN WHEAT BY GENES OF RYE SUPPRESSING CHROMOSOME 5B EFFECT

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g76-059 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 485-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Tamás Lelley

Keyword(s):

Secale Cereale ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Chiasma Formation ◽

Wheat Genome ◽

Homoeologous Pairing ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

Suppressor Effect ◽

Secale Cereale L

To test the effect of single rye chromosomes on the pairing of homoeologous wheat chromosomes, the seven wheat-rye addition lines of "Chinese Spring" and "Imperial" were crossed with Secale cereale L. and S. montanum L. In haploid triticale with 28 chromosomes (ABD R) no homoeologous pairing was induced. In the 29-chromosome hybrids, the two homologous rye chromosomes tended to form a rod bivalent indicating a suppressor effect of the wheat genome on chiasma formation between homologous rye chromosomes. Unequivocal evidence for homoeologous pairing of wheat chromosomes was found in several F1 plants. It is suggested that in the rye species Secale cereale and S. montanum the system which suppresses the activity of the Ph locus consists of more than two alleles which may act additively. They may be located on different chromosomes and may differ in number in the same genotype. Alleles effecting homoeologous pairing in wheat seem to be more frequent in S. montanum than in S. cereale. It is possible that in rye exceptionally strong alleles exist for homoeologous pairing.

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Chilling injury and chlorotic reactions of euploids and aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of common wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g92-069 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 468-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ernest D. P. Whelan ◽

G. B. Schaalje

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Common Wheat ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Chilling Injury ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Recessive Trait ◽

Cytoplasmic Effects ◽

Group 6 ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivars

Aneuploid seedlings of the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chinese Spring (CS) that are nullisomic or telosomic for the long arm of chromosome 6D are susceptible to chilling injury under prolonged exposure to 6 °C; normal euploids or telosomics for the short arm are not. Studies of seedling grown for various durations at 20 °C prior to growth at 6 °C showed that chilling injury was a juvenile phenomenon and that the extent of injury was inversely proportional to the duration of growth at 20 °C to a maximum of about 14 days. When reciprocal crosses were made between susceptible 6D nullisomics or long-arm ditelocentrics of CS and resistant 6D nullisomics of three spring and one winter wheat cultivars, progenies from aneuploid F1 hybrids all segregated for susceptibility as a recessive trait and at a frequency approximating a dihybrid ratio; no cytoplasmic effects were detected. Aneuploids of the group 6 homoeologues of the spring wheat cvs. Cadet and Rescue were resistant, as were group 6 whole-chromosome substitutions of eight different donor wheats in the recipient parent CS and 56 other euploids tested. Genes for resistance to chilling injury appear to involve the group 6 chromosomes and the short arm of 6D in Chinese Spring. In contrast with chilling injury, all aneuploid lines with only four doses of the "corroded" loci on group 6 chromosomes exhibited chlorotic symptoms.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chilling injury.

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