scholarly journals Chromosome pairing in triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring

CHROMOSOME DIFFERENTIATION IN POLYPLOID SPECIES OF ELYTRIGIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EVOLUTION OF DIPLOID-LIKE CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN POLYPLOID SPECIES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation

Triticum aestivum L. em Thell ditelosomics 7AL and 7DS and T. aestivum-Elytrigia elongata (Host) Holub (2n = 2x = 14) ditelosomic additions were crossed with "E. elongata 4x" (2n = 4x = 28), E. caespitosa (C. Koch) Nevski (2n = 4x = 28), and E. intermedia (Host) Nevski (2n = 6x = 42). The effect of each Elytrigia genotype on homoeologous (heterogenetic) chromosome pairing was assessed by comparing the pairing frequencies of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring telosomes 7AL and 7DS in the hybrids with the pairing frequency of telosome 7AL in haploid Chinese Spring. The genotype of "E. elongata 4x" had no effect on heterogenetic pairing in the hybrids. Although some genotypes of E. caespitosa and E. intermedia promoted heterogenetic pairing in the hybrids, others had no effect. Telosome VS of E. elongata interacted in a complementary fashion with the genotype of "E. elongata 4x," but not with the genotypes of Chinese Spring and E. caespitosa, and it promoted heterogenetic pairing. In hybrids in which the wheat diploidizing genes were active at the normal level, the E. elongata telosomes paired with chromosomes of "E. elongata 4x" in 5.8% to 24.6% of the cells, with chromosomes of E. caespitosa in 0.0% to 1.0% of the cells, and with chromosomes of E. intermedia in 0.0% to 2.8% of the cells. A model of chromosome differentiation is discussed and special attention is devoted to the origin of diploid-like pairing in polyploid species.

EFFECT OF RYE ON HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN WHEAT × RYE HYBRIDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Polygenic System

The number of chiasmata per cell at metaphase I was scored in eight haploid plants of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. cv. 'Chinese Spring' and 100 hybrid plants of Chinese Spring × Secale cereale L. Mean chiasma frequency per cell ranged from 0.00 to 3.59 in the hybrids and from 0.17 to 0.35 in the haploids. Since the same wheat genotype was present in both the haploids and hybrids, it is concluded that some of the rye genotypes promoted homoeologous chromosome pairing. The absence of distinct segregation classes among the hybrids suggests that these genes constitute a polygenic system.

GENETIC REGULATION OF HETEROGENETIC CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN POLYPLOID SPECIES OF THE GENUS TRITICUM sensu lato

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McGuire ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome

Polyploid species of Triticum sensu lato were crossed with Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. Chinese Spring monotelodisomics or ditelosomics that were monosomic for chromosome 5B. Progeny from these crosses were either euploid, nullisomic for 5B, monotelosomic for a given Chinese Spring chromosome, or nullisomic for 5B and monotelosomic simultaneously. The Chinese Spring telosome in the hybrids permitted the evaluation of autosyndesis of chromosomes of the tested species. In addition, several Chinese Spring eu- and aneuhaploids were produced. Genotypes of T. cylindricum Ces., T. juvenale Thell., T. triunciale (L.) Raspail, T. ovatum (L.) Raspail, T. columnare (Zhuk.) Morris et Sears, T. triaristatum (Willd.) Godr. et Gren., and T. rectum (Zhuk.) comb. nov. were all shown to have suppressive effects on heterogenetic pairing in hybrids lacking 5B or 3AS, whereas T. kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden had no effect. It was concluded that diploid-like meiosis in these species is due to genetic regulation. A number of these genotypes promoted heterogenetic pairing in the presence of 5B. A model is presented to explain this dichotomous behavior of the tested genotypes. Monotelosomic-3AL haploids had a greater amount of pairing than did euhaploid Chinese Spring, which substantiated the presence of a pairing suppressor(s) on the 3AS arm. Evidence is presented that shows that T. juvenale does not have a genome homologous with the D genome of T. aestivum.

GENETIC VARIATION IN TRITICUM AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Driscoll ◽  
C. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Genetic differences which affect the extent of homoeologous chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids have been demonstrated between varieties of Triticum aestivum. Each of seven varieties of Triticum was crossed with the same strain of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences in chiasma frequencies between varieties were found. Varieties Eureka, Gamut and Chinese Spring constitute one group with a relatively low chiasma frequency and varieties A. R. Falcon, Federation and Poso constitute a distinct second group with a relatively high chiasma frequency. The variety Bearded Yalta is intermediate to the two groups. Thus, this genetic variation appears to be common among varieties of Triticum. Presumably this variation does not become subject to natural selection as long as chromosome pairing in the parental varieties remains strictly homologous.

THE CYTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF A 56-CHROMOSOME DERIVATIVE FROM A CROSS BETWEEN TRITICUM AESTIVUM AND AGROPYRON ELONGATUM (2n = 70)

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Chromosome pairing was studied in a number of hybrids involving a 56-chromosome wheat-Agropyron derivative, PW 327. PW 327 originated from the cross, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (Chinese Spring × A. elongatum, 2n = 70). In hybrids between PW 327 and T. aestivum a number of multivalent chromosome associations were formed at metaphase I. These multivalents result from interchanges which occurred among wheat chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2A, 2D, 4D and 6D of PW 327. One chromosome of the Agropyron chromosome set of PW 327 occasionally pairs with wheat chromosome 3B. The rest of the Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 do not pair with the chromosomes of T. aestivum. It is proposed that the set of Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 is not an intact genome of decaploid A. elongatum but rather a modified synthetic genome combining chromosomes and/or chromosome segments from different genomes of the Agropyron parent. The incorporation of duplication-deletions into synthetic genomes of natural polyploids is discussed and it is shown that the set of Agropyron chromosomes which is present in PW 327 carries at least one such duplication-deletion. Pairing between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum was studied in a 56-chromosome hybrid from a cross between an amphiploid, T. aestivum × A. elongatum (2n = 14), and PW 327. It appeared that at least four chromosomes of these two Agropyrons occasionally paired with each other in this hybrid in which the diploidizing system of wheat was active. The relationship between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum is discussed.

Mapping of a chromosome pairing gene and 5S rRNA genes in Triticum aestivum L. by a spontaneous deletion in chromosome arm 5Bp

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama S. Kota ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

A deletion in the p arm of chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring was identified by C-banding during the production of disomic substitutions of 6B of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. et Muschl. for chromosome 5B of cv. Chinese Spring. The deletion was terminal with a breakpoint just proximal to the interstitial C-band. The degree of metaphase I chromosome pairing in plants homozygous for the deletion indicated that the chromosome pairing promoting gene known to be in the p arm of chromosome 5B is located in the deleted portion of that arm. Additionally, all of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes known to exist on arm 5Bp were mapped to this deleted portion.Key words: C-banding, 5S rRNA genes, Triticum, Aegilops chromosome aberration.

Partial amphiploids from wheat (Triticum aestivum) × rye (Secale cereale) crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Two groups of three-way hybrids were produced by crossing F1 hybrids of 'Petkus' × 'Prolific' rye (2n = 14) and 'Prolific' × 'Puma' rye (2n = 14) onto 'Chinese Spring' wheat (2n = 42). Meiosis was studied in 89 plants from 29 families from the first combination and in 36 plants from 11 families in the second cross. In three families from the first combination ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') five partial amphiploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 35, 36, 36, 38, and 41 were identified. The mean bivalent frequencies in five hybrids were 6.71, 7.73, 8.10, 9.94, and 13.00, suggesting that the number of bivalents was generally equal to the number of chromosomes in excess of the expected chromosome number of 2n = 28. These five plants were partial or incomplete amphiploids and their origin was attributed to duplication of a portion of the wheat complement after fertilization.Key words: partial amphiploids, hybrids (intergeneric), Triticum, Secale, chromosome pairing.

The inheritance of genetic variation in rye (Secale cereale) affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing

Chiasmata frequencies ranging from 0.07 to 10.40 per cell were recorded in 125 hybrid plants derived from wheat × F1 rye crosses. These included 89 plants belonging to 28 families from the Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' × Secale cereale F1 ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') cross and 36 plants belonging to 11 families from the 'Chinese Spring' × F1 ('Prolific' × 'Puma') cross. The data were analyzed to study the inheritance of genetic variation in rye affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results were particularly interesting in the former case where segregation for major genes was evident. First, in this cross, a bimodal distribution was observed and second, chiasmata frequencies ranging from 6.11 to 10.40 per cell were observed in three families but without any hybrid falling in either the range of 3.0 to 6.0 or in the range of 6.11 to 9.82, showing discontinuous distribution. It was concluded that the genetic system in 'Petkus' differs from that in 'Prolific', and that genes both with major effects and minor effects may be present, the major effects possibly resulting from complementary gene action. In the second cross involving F1 rye plants derived from 'Prolific' × 'Puma', a smaller sample gave a continuous distribution with a single mode, the chiasmata frequency never exceeding 2.70 per cell. This could be due to a difference in genetic systems found in 'Puma' and 'Petkus' since 'Prolific' was a common parent in both crosses. The genetic variation in rye observed in the present study has been compared with that known in Aegilops speltoides and it was concluded that these may be of a similar nature.Key words: Triticum, Secale, pairing regulation, homoeologous pairing.

Promotion of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops variabilis

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farooq ◽  
N. Iqbal ◽  
T. M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum variety Lu-26 and ph1b mutant of the cultivar Chinese Spring were produced with three accessions, A, B, and E, of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences were found in the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiotic metaphase I. Hybrids between wheat variety Lu-26 and accessions A and B of Ae. variabilis showed very little pairing, as indicated by the chiasma frequency of 1.0 and 1.5 per cell, respectively. Hybrids between Lu-26 and accession E, on the other hand, showed significantly increased homoeologous pairing (mean chiasma frequency, 12.6/cell). The level of such pairing was essentially the same as that between the hybrids of ph1b 'Chinese Spring' × Ae. variabilis accessions A and B. However, when the ph1b mutant was hyridized with accession E, the level of chromosome pairing increased significantly (mean chiasma frequency, 17.52/cell). This is indicative of the presence of pairing promoter gene(s) in Ae. variabilis accession E, which are epistatic to the wheat Ph1 allele and positively interact with its mutant form to further increase the ph1b ceiling to homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum, ph1b mutant, Aegilops variabilis, intergeneric hybrids, homoeologous pairing.

EFFECT OF THE REMOVAL OF GENES PROMOTING HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING ON CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM × TRITICUM URARTU AMPHIPLOIDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Specific Strain

Chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring × T. urartu hybrids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS was shown to be lower than in similar hybrids involving euploid Chinese Spring. Amphiploids were produced from crosses of Chinese Spring, ditelosomic 5AL, and ditelosomic 5BL with a specific strain of T. urartu. The absence of asynapsis in the amphiploids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS provides evidence that the poor chromosome pairing observed in the corresponding F1 hybrids was due to suppression of homoeologous pairing and not to general asynapsis. This conclusion is supported by the finding that heterogenetic chromosome pairing, as evidenced by the frequency of multivalents, was lower in the ditelo 5BL × T. urartu amphiploids than in the amphiploids from the cross Chinese Spring × T. urartu.

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