GENOTYPIC INTERACTION FOR CHIASMA FORMATION AT LOW TEMPERATURE IN THE HYBRID BETWEEN TRITICUM AESTIVUM 'CHINESE SPRING' AND AEGILOPS SPELTOIDES DEFICIENT FOR CHROMOSOME 5D

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Attia ◽  
T. Lelley ◽  
G. Röbbelen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Analogous System ◽  
Two Systems

In F1 plants from crosses between Triticum aestivum var. 'Chinese Spring' monosomic 5D and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. var. aucheri (Boiss) it was found that at a temperature of 12 °C the presence of chromosome 5D is necessary to maintain the level of homoeologous pairing and chiasma formation observed under greenhouse conditions. Some genotypes of Ae. speltoides, however, were more efficient than others in compensating for the absence of chromosome 5D. The differences in compensating ability indicate the existence of several alleles in Ae. speltoides that counteract the low-temperature pairing system on chromosome 5D. An analogous system of alleles previously reported in Ae. speltoides that suppresses the chromosome 5B diploidising system of wheat was substantiated by the present study. The results indicate, however, that the two systems are independent.

scholarly journals The effect of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation in wheat, triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Bach Holm ◽  
Xingzhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Chromosome 5B

Chromosomal structure of homozygous common wheat lines obtained from wheat × Agropyron × Aegilops speltoides derivatives. I. A screening of the reciprocal translocations

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Ortiz ◽  
Agueda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria-Cristina Chueca ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primitive Structure ◽  
Wheat Lines

Fifty-seven homozygous hexaploid lines belonging to five different families obtained by selection in the progenies of the cross between a wheat × Agropyron intermedium substitution line and an Aegilops speltoides promotor of homoeologous pairing were screened for reciprocal translocations. This study was carried out in relation to four Triticum aestivum cultivars: 'Vilmorin 27', Tormes', and 'Ducat' (which were used in the production of these lines), and 'Chinese Spring' that has the primitive structure of the common wheats. None of the lines retained the 5B/7B translocation of 'Vilmorin 27'. For some lines, the translocation of 'Tormes' and 'Ducat' seems to have been maintained. Ten of them show the primitive structure of 'Chinese Spring' even though none of the wheat parents had it. The others carry some original translocations as a result of the effect of Aegilops speltoides on meiotic pairing.Key words: homoeologous pairing, interspecific hybridization, gene transfer, chromosomal rearrangements, Triticum.

INDUCTION OF HOMOEOLOGOUS PAIRING IN WHEAT BY GENES OF RYE SUPPRESSING CHROMOSOME 5B EFFECT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Lelley
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Suppressor Effect ◽  
Secale Cereale L

To test the effect of single rye chromosomes on the pairing of homoeologous wheat chromosomes, the seven wheat-rye addition lines of "Chinese Spring" and "Imperial" were crossed with Secale cereale L. and S. montanum L. In haploid triticale with 28 chromosomes (ABD R) no homoeologous pairing was induced. In the 29-chromosome hybrids, the two homologous rye chromosomes tended to form a rod bivalent indicating a suppressor effect of the wheat genome on chiasma formation between homologous rye chromosomes. Unequivocal evidence for homoeologous pairing of wheat chromosomes was found in several F1 plants. It is suggested that in the rye species Secale cereale and S. montanum the system which suppresses the activity of the Ph locus consists of more than two alleles which may act additively. They may be located on different chromosomes and may differ in number in the same genotype. Alleles effecting homoeologous pairing in wheat seem to be more frequent in S. montanum than in S. cereale. It is possible that in rye exceptionally strong alleles exist for homoeologous pairing.

GENETIC REGULATION OF HETEROGENETIC CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN POLYPLOID SPECIES OF THE GENUS TRITICUM sensu lato

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McGuire ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome

Polyploid species of Triticum sensu lato were crossed with Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. Chinese Spring monotelodisomics or ditelosomics that were monosomic for chromosome 5B. Progeny from these crosses were either euploid, nullisomic for 5B, monotelosomic for a given Chinese Spring chromosome, or nullisomic for 5B and monotelosomic simultaneously. The Chinese Spring telosome in the hybrids permitted the evaluation of autosyndesis of chromosomes of the tested species. In addition, several Chinese Spring eu- and aneuhaploids were produced. Genotypes of T. cylindricum Ces., T. juvenale Thell., T. triunciale (L.) Raspail, T. ovatum (L.) Raspail, T. columnare (Zhuk.) Morris et Sears, T. triaristatum (Willd.) Godr. et Gren., and T. rectum (Zhuk.) comb. nov. were all shown to have suppressive effects on heterogenetic pairing in hybrids lacking 5B or 3AS, whereas T. kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden had no effect. It was concluded that diploid-like meiosis in these species is due to genetic regulation. A number of these genotypes promoted heterogenetic pairing in the presence of 5B. A model is presented to explain this dichotomous behavior of the tested genotypes. Monotelosomic-3AL haploids had a greater amount of pairing than did euhaploid Chinese Spring, which substantiated the presence of a pairing suppressor(s) on the 3AS arm. Evidence is presented that shows that T. juvenale does not have a genome homologous with the D genome of T. aestivum.

scholarly journals Homoeologous pairing of a chromosome from Agropyron elongatum with those of Triticum aestivum and Aegilops speltoides

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johnson ◽  
Gordon Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Genetic Compensation ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

1. Complex hybrids were produced having twenty-nine chromosomes, consisting of one telocentric and twenty complete chromosomes of T. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), seven complete chromosomes of Ae. speltoides (2n = 2x = 14) and one telocentric chromosome derived from A. elongatum (2n = 10x = 70). The presence of the Ae. speltoides genome permitted pairing between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis and the behaviour of the two telocentric chromosomes was observed.2. The A. elongatum chromosome was seen to pair with chromosomes homoeologous to those of group 6. There was no evidence that it paired with chromosomes of any other group.3. When the A. elongatum telocentric and those of 6A and 6D occurred in the same configuration it was evident that the telocentrics 6A and 6D were for corresponding chromosome arms, and the A. elongatum telocentric for the opposite arm.4. The average rate of pairing was much lower for the A. elongatum telocentric than for wheat telocentrics. Previous studies had indicated very good genetic compensation of the A. elongatum chromosome for chromosomes 6A and 6D. It was therefore indicated that genetic equivalence and pairing affinity were not closely related in this case. Some implications of this are discussed.

scholarly journals The position of a locus on chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum affecting homoeologous meiotic pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Mutant Locus ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

SUMMARYAn investigation was made of the chromosomal position of the mutant locus, in Mutant 10/13 of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiosis. In hybrids between Mutant 10/13 and rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14), homoeologous chromosomes frequently pair at meiosis although normally, in wheat-rye hybrids, this happens infrequently.The association of the mutant condition with chromosome 5B was determined by (i) the absence of segregation in hybrids obtained when Mutant 10/13 monosomic 5B was pollinated by rye; (ii) the occurrence of trisomie segregation for pairing behaviour in 28-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids, obtained from SB trisomie wheat parents with two 5B chromosome from a non-mutant and one from a mutant parent; (iii) the absence of segregation for pairing behaviour in the 29-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids obtained from the same trisomie wheat parents.The alternative pairing behaviours segregated independently of the centromere when wheat plants that were simultaneously heteromorphic, 5BL telocentric/5B complete, and heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 state, were pollinated by rye. The alternative chromosome-pairing patterns segregated to give a ratio not different from 1:1, so that the association of homoeologous pairing with Mutant 10/13 probably derived from the occurrence of mutation at a single locus on 5BL. In the disomic heteromorphic state, 5BL was 91 map units in length.Trisomie wheats with two complete 5B chromosomes and one 5BL telocentric, that were also heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 condition, were pollinated by rye. Among the resulting 28-chromosome hybrids there was a 2:1 segregation of hybrids with low pairing: high (homoeologous) pairing and also of hybrids with complete 5B: telocentric 5BL. However, there was no evidence of linkage in this trisomie segregation. All the 29-chromosome hybrids from this cross had low pairing and it could be concluded that the single mutant allele, in Mutant 10/13, was recessive. In the trisomie condition, relative to a simplex situation, 5BL was 33·05 map units in length.The critical locus on 5BL was designated Pairing homoeologous. The normal dominant allele was symbolized Ph and the recessive allele, in Mutant 10/13, ph.The prevention of homoeologous pairing by the activity of a single locus makes the evolution of the regular meiotic behaviour of T. aestivum more readily comprehensible.

Mapping of a chromosome pairing gene and 5S rRNA genes in Triticum aestivum L. by a spontaneous deletion in chromosome arm 5Bp

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama S. Kota ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

A deletion in the p arm of chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring was identified by C-banding during the production of disomic substitutions of 6B of Aegilops longissima Schweinf. et Muschl. for chromosome 5B of cv. Chinese Spring. The deletion was terminal with a breakpoint just proximal to the interstitial C-band. The degree of metaphase I chromosome pairing in plants homozygous for the deletion indicated that the chromosome pairing promoting gene known to be in the p arm of chromosome 5B is located in the deleted portion of that arm. Additionally, all of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes known to exist on arm 5Bp were mapped to this deleted portion.Key words: C-banding, 5S rRNA genes, Triticum, Aegilops chromosome aberration.

INDUCED PAIRING BETWEEN A WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AND AN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOME

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasumuro ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
D. C. Sharma ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Transfer Genes ◽  
I Cells

A study was initiated to transfer genes for stem- and leaf-rust resistance from a chromosome (designated 6Ag) of Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv to a homoeologous chromosome (6D) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. aestivum group) by inducing pairing between 6Ag and 6D in the absence of the Ph gene on wheat chromosome 5B. Plants monosomic for SB, 6D and 6Ag were crossed with Chinese Spring nullisomic-5B tetrasomic-5D or with Chinese Spring monosomic or trisomic for SB with an induced mutation, phlb, of the Ph locus. Tests of 282 offspring in the seedling stage for reaction to the stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. &E. Henn. race 56 or 15B-2, were used to identify 70 plants with 6Ag, which was transmitted through 25% of the female gametes. Meiotic observations on 51 of these plants indicated that six were monosomic for 6D and 6Ag, but lacked an entire 5B or had 5B with the phlb mutation. The frequency of metaphase I cells with pairing between 6D and 6Ag averaged 4.94% in three plants that were nullisomic for 5B and 2.48% in two plants that had a single dose of 5B with the phlb mutation.

scholarly journals Equivalence of the A genome of bread wheat and that of Triticum urartu

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chapman ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
Ralph Riley
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

SUMMARYLines of Triticum aestivum Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42) which were ditelocentric or doubly ditelocentric, in turn, for the 14 chromosomes of the A and B genomes were pollinated by Triticum urartu (2n = 14). The behaviour of the marked telocentric chromosomes was scored in the 14 distinct hybrids obtained from these pollinations. In 6 of the hybrids in which different A genome chromosomes were marked by telocentrics there were from 50 to 80% of the pollen mother cells in which the telocentrics were paired. In the seven hybrids in which different B genome chromosomes were marked the telocentrics were never paired. It was concluded that the genome of T. urartu matched very closely the A genome of hexaploid wheat and that it did not correspond, as had been proposed by Johnson, to the B genome. The pairing behaviour of the 14 T. aestivum × T. urartu hybrids was compared with earlier results obtained from hybrids between T. aestivum and T. boeoticum. It was proposed that the higher trivalent frequencies seen in the T. boeoticum hybrids could be due to homoeologous pairing and that the genotype of T. boeoticum has the capacity partly to suppress the activity of the Ph locus of chromosome 5B of wheat, as a result of which homoeologous pairing is normally prevented.

Chromosomal structure of homozygous common wheat lines obtained from (wheat × Agropyron) × Aegilops speltoides derivatives. II. A screening of paracentric inversions

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Ortiz ◽  
Agueda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Cristina Chueca ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Interspecific Gene Transfer ◽  
Primitive Structure ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Cultivar Differentiation ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

The presence of inversions is important in the evolution and cultivar differentiation of wheats, Even though we can't have conclusive cytological proof of the presence of inversions in wheat, we can use the indirect way of screening paracentric inversions through chromosome configuration at anaphase I and II. This work presents the comparison of 'Chinese Spring' structure (with respect to the presence of inverted segments) to (i) 52 homozygous wheat lines obtained in the progenies of the cross between a wheat × Agropyron intermedium substitution line and Aegilops speltoides homoeologous pairing promotor and (ii) three wheat cultivars ('Vilmorin 27', 'Ducat', and 'Tormes') that were used in developing the above mentioned lines. The three cultivars present inverted segments relative to 'Chinese Spring' structure. Some of these inverted segments are possibly maintained in some of the lines studied. Four of them show the primitive structure of 'Chinese Spring' even though none of the wheat parents had it. Finally, other lines show new structure that could have been due to the Aegilops speltoides effect, but the method used did not allow us to reach a definite conclusion on this point. It is interesting to emphasize that the use of this homoeologous pairing promotor led to a chromosomal structure that was not so different from that existing in wheats.Key words: pairing (homoeologous), hybridization (interspecific), gene transfer, Triticum, Agropyron, Aegilops.

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