scholarly journals Neonatal Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Impact on Acute Respiratory Infections among Preschool Inuit Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Cameron ◽  
Frédéric Dallaire ◽  
Carole Vézina ◽  
Gina Muckle ◽  
Suzanne Bruneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Among Under-five Children in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to identify the significant risk factors for ARI in children less than five years of age. The data in this study comes from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004. In this study, a child was considered as having experienced ARI if she or he had cough in the last two weeks preceding the survey with any one of the three symptoms of short but rapid breathing, difficulty of breathing or labored inspiration. Logistic regression was used on various independent variables to find the risk factors. Results showed that child's age, sex, body weight and Vitamin A deficiency were correlated with prevalence of ARI. Additionally mother's characteristics like age, malnutrition, education level, and family's socio-economic status were found to be associated. Recommendations include more specific knowledge of ARI to adolescent mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. A community service which could include home visiting for health education, supplementation of vitamin A, and advice would be an advantage if provided for poor or teenaged pregnant women. This in turn would reduce low birth weight incidence, and subsequently reduce incidence of ARI among these children.Keywords: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Risk factors; Infant; Child under 5 years; Bangladesh.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2037-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055

scholarly journals Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110217
Author(s):  
Indah K. Murni ◽  
Endy P. Prawirohartono ◽  
Rina Triasih
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Short Period

Background. Vitamin C, E, D, A, zinc are considered to be essential in preventing and treating of acute respiratory infections (ARI) including COVID-19. Methods. We reviewed published studies evaluating the potential roles of these vitamin and zinc for ARIs and COVID-19 using Medline database, medRxiv, and bibliographic references. Results. Vitamins C, D, and E did not reduce incidence of common cold in general, but vitamin C reduced by half in population with physical and environment stresses. Vitamins C and E shortened duration and reduced severity of common cold. A large-dose vitamin A had no effect on recovery from pneumonia. Zinc improved clinical deterioration and pneumonia duration in under five. The effect on preventing COVID-19 morbidity and related-death was lacking. Conclusions. Although the effects of vitamins and zinc on ARIs including COVID-19 were inconclusive, taking these for a short period during pandemic may be beneficial when there is risks of deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin A Supplementation and Child Morbidity and Mortality in Developing Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Beaton ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
Kristan A. Aronson ◽  
Barry Edmonston ◽  
George McCabe. A. Catharine Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Child Morbidity ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Mortality Trials ◽  
Low Prevalence

A meta-analysis of eight mortality trials indicates that improving the vitamin A status of children aged six months to five years reduced mortality rates by about 23% in populations with at least low prevalence of clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency. The observed effect of supplementation, described in terms of relative risk (RR), was RR =0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.88; p < .001) and did not differ by sex or age. However, the number of lives saved was greater at younger ages because of higher mortality. A significant RR was shown for deaths attributed to diarrhoea and measles, but not for respiratory infection. Variability among the trials in effects was apparent, but attempts to explain it by descriptors of the population (baseline anthropometric status, prevalence of xerophthalmia, age profile, baseline mortality) were unsuccessful. Owing to the lack of data, firm conclusions could not be reached about effectiveness in children of less than six months and in settings where biochemical but not clinical evidence of vitamin A deficiency exists. Information about morbidity outcomes from about two dozen studies was reviewed. No consistent effects on frequency or prevalence of diarrhoeal and respiratory infections were found. Improvement in vitamin A status did appear to reduce severe morbidity, particularly in children with measles.

Vitamin A and Th1 Response in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
R. Hemalatha . ◽  
Y. Kodandhapani . ◽  
N. Balakrishna .
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Th1 Response

Vitamin A deficiency promotes bronchial hyperreactivity in rats by altering muscarinic M2 receptor function

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (5) ◽  
pp. L1031-L1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. McGowan ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
Amey Jo Holmes ◽  
Lori A. Smith ◽  
Thomas R. Businga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bronchial Epithelium ◽  
Bronchial Hyperreactivity ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains an important health problem among children in developing countries. Children living in these areas have a higher mortality from respiratory infections, which likely results in part from suboptimal nutrition, including VAD. Bronchial hyperreactivity can follow viral respiratory infections and may complicate the recovery. To investigate whether VAD promotes bronchial hyperreactivity, we have assessed methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in VAD and vitamin A-sufficient rats. Bronchial constriction developed at lower concentrations of inhaled methacholine in VAD than in vitamin A-sufficient rats. This did not result from an increase in the bronchial wall thickness or the clearance of a small molecule (with a size similar to methacholine) from the air space. The function and abundance of the muscarinic M2 receptors in bronchial tissue were reduced in VAD rats, suggesting that this receptor may contribute to these animals' diminished ability to limit cholinergic-mediated bronchoconstriction. A similar reduction in muscarinic M2 receptor function has been observed in asthma. Vitamin A (retinol) and its congeners (retinoids) may be required to regulate bronchial responsiveness in addition to maintaining a normal bronchial epithelium.

scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Infections Prevent Improvement of Vitamin A Status in Young Infants Supplemented with Vitamin A

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mujibur Rahman ◽  
D. Mahalanabis ◽  
J. O. Alvarez ◽  
M. A. Wahed ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Vitamin A Status

scholarly journals Efek suplementasi vitamin A pada ibu nifas terhadap pertumbuhan bayi umur 0-4 bulan

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono ◽  
Siti Helmyati
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Education Group

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a nutritional problem in infants since breastmilk insufficiently contains vitamin A. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Objective: To identify the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial from March-July 2009 at Province of Lampung. We recruited 90 mothers that were grouped into vitamin A supplementation group and socialization about vitamin A group during parturition period. The outcomes of this study were growth in WHZ and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age measured as duration of acute diarrhea and upper respiratory infections. Statistical analysis was performed by using Chi-Square and t-test.Results: The growth of infants of 0-4 months from vitamin A supplemented mothers was not significantly different from the socialization group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from supplemented mothers at parturition period was significantly shorter than of infants from socialization group.Conclusion: The growth of infant at 0-4 months of age from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were not significantly different from those who were from education group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were shorter than those who were from education group.

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