Pengaruh program multi-exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia overweight dan tidak overweight

The effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in overweight and non-overweight elderlyBackground: Cognitive function is the factor that determines the disability of the elderly to live a healthy and independent life. The results of studies regarding the protective effect or detrimental effects of overweight or obesity on cognitive function in the elderly are still controversial. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in the elderly based on nutritional status.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-postest design study involved 37 elderly aged 60-74 years. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight and not-overweight. Both groups received a multi-exercise in the form of gymnastic exercise (30 minutes), square stepping exercise (30 minutes), and puzzle games (30 minutes). The intervention was given 12 times with a frequency of 3 times per week. Cognitive function was measured by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: The multi-exercise program intervention given affected improving cognitive function in the overweight elderly group (p=0.003). However, it is different from the non-overweight elderly group who did not show a significant effect of the multi-exercise program on the cognitive function (p=0.184) even though there was an increase in the mean cognitive function at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Multi-exercise program intervention for 4 weeks with a frequency of three times per week can improve the cognitive function of the elderly, but statistically only significant in the overweight elderly group.

Status kesehatan dan asupan mikronutrien vegetarian dan nonvegetarian di Bali

Health status and micronutrient intake among vegetarian and non-vegetarian in BaliBackground: Several studies have reported that vegetarian diets have health benefits for those adopting the diets.Objective: This study aimed to compare anemia status and micronutrient intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in Bali.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bali. A total of 240 samples consisting of 160 vegetarians and 80 non-vegetarians were randomly selected. Hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood sugar levels were measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method and enzymatic colorimetric, respectively. Meanwhile, the data on micronutrient intakes were collected by interviews using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Mann-Whitney test was performed to analyze the differences.Results: The study’s results showed that the mean Hb levels in the vegetarian group were significantly lower than non-vegetarians (p=0.002; p<0.05), and the anemia status in vegetarian women were higher (22.5%) than non-vegetarian women (2.5%). The mean fasting blood glucose level in non-vegetarians was significantly higher than in the vegetarian group (p=0.000; p<0.05). There were no differences in zinc (Zn) intake between vegetarians and non-vegetarians, but there were significant differences (p<0.05) in vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe) intakes.Conclusions: There were differences in anemia status and fasting blood glucose levels between vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The fasting blood glucose levels of non-vegetarians were higher than vegetarians, and there were differences in the intake of certain micronutrients between vegetarians and non-vegetarians.

Kadar gula darah atlet sepak bola remaja setelah pemberian diet beban glikemik

Effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes Background: Carbohydrate arrangement considering the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (BG) are important to support the performance of athletes.Objective: To examine the effect of diets with glycemic load arrangement on blood glucose levels in young soccer athletes.Methods: Quasi-experimental study on 14 male young soccer players aged 15-18 years old at Terang Bangsa Soccer School. Each subject completed 4 trials separated by at least 7 days as a washout period. Diets provided consist of high GI with high GL diet (H-H), low GI with high GL diet (L-H), high GI with low GL (H-L), and low GI with low GL diet (L-L). Collected data were fasting blood glucose level (BGL 0), blood glucose level one hour after intervention (BGL 1), blood glucose level two hours after intervention (BGL 2), and blood glucose level after exercise (BGL 3).Results: The results of paired t-test analysis showed that there were differences between fasting blood glucose level and blood glucose level one hour after intervention, blood glucose level one hour after intervention and blood glucose level two hours after intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention and blood glucose level after exercise in the H-H and L-H diet group. In the L-L diet group, there were differences between BGL 2 and BGL 3. One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that there were no significant differences in blood glucose levels one hour after the intervention, blood glucose level two hours after intervention, and blood glucose level after exercise between groups.Conclusions: High glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hour postprandial and after exercise. Low glycemic load diets influence the increase in blood glucose levels after exercise. Diets with the arrangement of glycemic index and glycemic load did not affect blood glucose levels between diet groups.

Pengaruh puasa intermiten 5:2 terhadap kadar malondialdehida pada karyawan pria dewasa dengan obesitas

Effect of intermittent fasting 5:2 on plasma malondialdehyde levels in adult male employees with obesityBackground: Obesity is a major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In obesity, the free radical product will be produced, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) which plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an alternative way to reduce free radical levels in the body therefore it can prevent complications of obesity. However, the effect of IF on MDA level in an obese adult male in Jakarta has not been reported.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of IF on malondialdehyde levels in adult male employees with obesity in Jakarta.Methods: This study used a randomized controlled clinical trial. The subjects were men aged 19-59 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, divided into fasting and control groups, each group consists of 25 subjects. Intermittent fasting 5:2 is calorie restriction up to 20-25% was done every Monday and Thursday, and not allowed to eat and drink during 14 hours of fasting. Before the intervention, both groups were given education about balanced nutrition. Association of intermittent fasting with MDA and catalase was analyzed by means of difference formula with a significance limit of 5%.Results: MDA levels post-intervention significantly decreased compared to the pre-intervention both in the fasting group [1,3(0,9-2) nmol/mL to 0,4(0,3-0,6) nmol/mL] and in the control groups [1,4(0,9-1,9) nmol/mL to 0,5(0,3-0,7) nmol/mL]. MDA level post-intervention in the fasting group was significantly lower (p<0,05) compared to the control group.Conclusions: Intermittent fasting 5:2 during 8 weeks can decrease MDA levels in adult males with obesity in Jakarta.

Pengaruh pemberian jelly mengandung glukomanan porang (Amorphophalus oncophyllus) dan inulin sebagai makanan selingan terhadap berat badan, IMT, lemak tubuh, kadar kolesterol total, dan trigliserida pada orang dewasa obesitas

Effect of jelly containing of porang (Amorphophalus oncophyllus) glucomannan and inulin as a snack to the body weight, BMI, body fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in obese adultBackground: Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. Porang glucomannan and inulin are water-soluble fibers that have been widely studied for their health benefits. Jelly products that contain both types of fiber are expected to have the ability to support the diet program in adults with obese nutritional status. Objective: To determine the effect of giving jelly containing a combination of glucomannan porang and inulin on body weight, BMI, body fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in obese adults.Methods: This research is a randomized controlled trial using a pre and post-test design. A total of 55 subjects who live in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, participated in the study until the end of 8 weeks. Subjects were divided into 3 groups; 18 people in the group who were given jelly containing glucomannan porang and inulin (porang-inulin jelly group), 17 people in the group who were given placebo jelly (placebo jelly group), and 20 people in the negative control group who did not get jelly (negative control group). All subjects received a low-calorie diet intervention of 1,500 kcal in the first month and 1,200 kcal in the second month. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight and BMI (p<0.05) in all groups, but there was no difference in the effect between the porang–inulin jelly group and the other groups (p>0.05). Clinically, there was a significant decrease in body fat percentage in the porang-inulin jelly group, in subjects with the category of an excess fat percent (-0.90 ± 0.49%) and obesity (-1.48 ± 0.83%). A significant decrease in fat percentage also occurred in the porang-inulin jelly group, both in male subjects (-1.42 ± 0.50%) and female (-1.15 ± 0.82%), while in the placebo jelly group and negative control, the decrease did not occur in all categories and genders. There was an increase in total cholesterol levels in the negative control group (p<0.05) after the study (+7.45 ± 13.18 mg/dL). In the porang-inulin jelly group, the increase in cholesterol levels did not occur significantly either in general or based on clinical categories and gender. Conclusion: Consumption of porang-inulin jelly may support weight loss programs, BMI, percent body fat, and inhibit the increase of total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in adults with obese nutritional status.

Perubahan antropometri, kalsium darah, tekanan darah, dan kebugaran fisik akibat asupan susu kambing pada olahragawan

Changes in anthropometry, blood calcium, blood pressure, and physical fitness due to goat's milk intake in athletesBackground: The intake of healthy-balanced nutrition is needed by athletes. The complex nutritional content of goat milk such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral acts as sports nutrition during and after training. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of goat milk on physical fitness, anthropometrics, blood calcium, and blood pressure in athletes. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted using healthy human subjects. Subjects were runners (n=10 people) as the control group and gymnasts (n=19 people) as the treatment group, male, age 21-27 years, and healthy. Bodyweight (BW), Height, and Body Mass Index (BMI), blood calcium, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and physical fitness were examined two times, before and after consuming goat milk. Intervention: fresh goat milk, 250 mg/day (after dinner), and given for 90 days. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. Results: There was no difference between BW (p=0.07), BMI (p=0.08), and DBP (p=0.24), but instead there was a significant difference in SBP (p=0.00) before and after goat milk intervention in the experimental group. Blood calcium was significantly increased (p=0.00) in the intervention group, whereas reverse decreased significantly (p=0.02) in controls. A significant difference before and after therapy was found in speed (p=0.00), arm muscle endurance (p=0.01), an-aerobic endurance (p=0.00), agility (p=0.02), however, there was no significant difference between leg muscle power (p=0.13), flexibility (p=0.23), an endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0.26), VO2 max (p=1.15) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Regular consumption of goat milk can reduce SBP, increase blood calcium levels, and improve physical fitness (speed, arm muscle endurance, anaerobic endurance, and agility) in athletes. Goat milk is an essential role in sports nutrition for physical fitness and athlete's health.

Korelasi asupan makronutrien dengan indeks massa tubuh, kadar gula darah, dan protein total darah pada pengguna narkoba

Correlation of macronutrient intake with body mass index, blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug usersBackground: Random blood sugar level and total blood protein need to be measured among drug users because their macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fat, protein, and energy) are not appropriate to the pattern of daily habits before uses drugs. Drug users had decreased appetite during the influence and withdrawal symptoms of drugs with the impacts on their body mass index (BMI). Objective: To analyze the correlation of macronutrient intakes between the random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI drug users.Methods: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and observational study. 73 drug users were included in the study with the screening by inclusion criteria. 24-hour food recall was used to collect the macronutrient intakes, random blood sugar levels and total blood protein were monitored by the GOD-PAP method, and BMI was measured by weight and height. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test in bivariate and multivariate was carried out by multiple linear regressions. Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between macronutrient intakes (energy, carbohydrate, fat) with random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI. BMI was the most affected by energy (β=0.531), random blood sugar level was the most affected by carbohydrates (β=0.073), and total blood protein was the most affected by protein (β=0.837).Conclusions: Macronutrient intake is significantly related to BMI, random blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users. Community collaboration with related parties such as the public health service and National Narcotics Agency will very quickly detect drug side effects early on eating disorders that will affect the nutritional status of its users.

The risk of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction is increased among first-time mothers and poor households

Background: Global recommendations suggest mothers provide the first complementary food to infants when they reach six months of age. Failure to introduce complementary foods promptly may put infants in adverse health and nutrition outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A multistage cluster sampling was employed to select 355 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Our dependent variable was the timing of complementary food introduction. Meanwhile, independents variables included factors at the child, parental, and household levels. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed in this study. Results: There was 39.15% of young children received inappropriate timing of complementary feeding. Being the second-born child or above (OR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.33-0.95) and coming from high-income households (OR= 0.57; 95%CI: 0.36-0.90) were protective factors of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction. Other variables such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, father’s education, and family support were not significantly associated with incorrect timing of complementary feeding. Conclusions: The proportion of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency is alarming and is mainly explained by child’s birth rank and household economic status suggesting the importance of targeting nutritional education to first-time mothers as well as poor households.

Dietary acid load berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik dan kesehatan mental pada mahasiswi obesitas

The dietary acid load was associated with metabolic syndrome and mental health among obese college studentsBackground: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing every year in the young population. The western diet is one of the causes that makes excess acid in the body called a dietary acid load. On the other hand, the high dietary acid load was associated with decreased mental health status.Objective: To examine the association between dietary acid load and the risk of metabolic syndrome and mental health.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 115 female students in Semarang aged 18-22 years. The dietary acid load was evaluated through a potential renal acid load (PRAL), the risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated by Metabolic syndrome risk score. Mental health status was assessed through levels of self-esteem and levels of anxiety. The level of self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire, while the level of anxiety was measured by the State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models with adjustment for a potential cofounding variable were used to evaluate the association between dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome scores, self-esteem scores, and anxiety scores.Results: The mean PRAL score was 6.11 ± 9.72 mEq/day indicated the intake of the subjects was the dietary acid load. 13% of subjects had metabolic syndrome, and 87% had a pre-metabolic syndrome. 36.5% of the subjects have low self-esteem scores. The anxiety level score calculation shows that 59.1% of the subjects are at high risk of anxiety. Pearson test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with anxiety scores (r=0,669; p<0,001). The linear regression test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with metabolic syndrome scores (β=0.899; p<0.001) and self-esteem scores (β =-0.069; p=0.047).Conclusions: High dietary acid load may be a risk factor related to the development of metabolic disorders and decreased mental health status in females with obesity.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated. Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status. Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Besides, age and hypertension were independent factors for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age >55 (OR=4.71; 95% CI: 4.06-5.46), hypertension (OR=5.86; 95% CI: 5.00-6.87). Diabetes mellitus also show significantly higher among individuals living in urban areas compared to individuals living in rural areas (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.78-2.55). Conclusions: Socioeconomic status has a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among people above 15 years old in Indonesia. The government needs to design a preventive program to control this disease by considering the risk factors that may lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.