scholarly journals Efek suplementasi vitamin A pada ibu nifas terhadap pertumbuhan bayi umur 0-4 bulan

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono ◽  
Siti Helmyati
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Education Group

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a nutritional problem in infants since breastmilk insufficiently contains vitamin A. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Objective: To identify the effect of vitamin A supplementation to mothers at parturition period on growth and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age.Method: We conducted a randomized controlled trial from March-July 2009 at Province of Lampung. We recruited 90 mothers that were grouped into vitamin A supplementation group and socialization about vitamin A group during parturition period. The outcomes of this study were growth in WHZ and morbidities of infants at 0-4 months of age measured as duration of acute diarrhea and upper respiratory infections. Statistical analysis was performed by using Chi-Square and t-test.Results: The growth of infants of 0-4 months from vitamin A supplemented mothers was not significantly different from the socialization group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from supplemented mothers at parturition period was significantly shorter than of infants from socialization group.Conclusion: The growth of infant at 0-4 months of age from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were not significantly different from those who were from education group. Duration of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infection of infants from vitamin A supplemented mothers at parturition period were shorter than those who were from education group.

Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infection in children

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Biswas ◽  
A. B. Biswas ◽  
B. Manna ◽  
S. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
R. Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation

scholarly journals The magnitude and Associated Factors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Merkeb ◽  
Fentahun Adane
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Currently, Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite, these problems are easily preventable and treatable it contributes to more than 18% of deaths of under-five children every year in Ethiopia. Regardless of these facts, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and its predictors of pneumonia in Ethiopia. Thus, assessing the pooled magnitude of pneumonia and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia is the main objective of this review. Methods The international databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct were scientifically explored. We considered all primary studies reporting the magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children and its predictors in Ethiopia. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data and Cochrane Q test statistics and I 2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies so that a random effect model was employed. Result The pooled magnitude of Pneumonia Among Under Five Children was 20.68%, (I 2 = 97.9%%; P ≤ 0.001) from 12 included studies in Ethiopia. Children who unvaccinated [OR = 2.45], food cooking in the main house [OR = 2.46], Vitamin A supplementation status [OR = 2.85], malnutrition [OR = 2.98], mixed breast feeding [OR = 2.46], child history of respiratory tract infection [OR = 4.11] were a potential determinates of pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendations This review showed that the magnitude of pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, appropriate intervention on potential determinates such as health education on exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition, place of food cooking, increase immunization and Vitamin A supplementation and early control of respiratory tract infection was recommended to prevent those risk factors.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Predictors of Pneumonia among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh ◽  
Fentahun Adane
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Pneumonia is currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Although these problems are easily preventable and treatable, it contributes to more than 18% of deaths of under-five children every year in Ethiopia. Regardless of these facts, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and its predictors of pneumonia in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to determine the pooled magnitude of pneumonia and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methods. The international databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were scientifically explored. Articles were also searched by examining the gray literature on institutional databases and by reviewing reference lists of already identified articles. We considered all primary studies reporting the magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children and its predictors in Ethiopia. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data, and Cochrane’s Q test statistics and I2 test were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. Significant variability was found between the studies in such a way that a random-effect model was used. Result. The pooled magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children was 20.68% (I2 = 97.9%; P≤0.001) out of 12 studies in Ethiopia. Children who have unvaccinated (OR = 2.45), food cooking in the main house (OR = 2.46), vitamin A supplementation status (OR = 2.85), malnutrition (OR = 2.98), mixed breastfeeding (OR = 2.46), and child history of respiratory tract infection (OR = 4.11) were potential determinates of pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendations. This review showed that the magnitude of pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, appropriate intervention on potential determinates such as health education on exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition, place of food cooking, increased immunization and vitamin A supplementation, and early control of respiratory tract infection was recommended to prevent those risk factors.

scholarly journals Zinc combined with vitamin A reduces upper respiratory tract infection morbidity in a randomised trial in preschool children in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 2251-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha I. Kartasurya ◽  
Faruk Ahmed ◽  
Hertanto W. Subagio ◽  
Muhammad Z. Rahfiludin ◽  
Geoffrey C. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Zn supplementation has shown inconsistent effects on respiratory morbidity in young children in developing countries. Few studies have focused on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), a frequent cause of morbidity in this group, and potential benefit from Zn supplementation or factors that influence its efficacy. We investigated the effects of Zn supplementation on URTI before and after vitamin A supplementation. This randomised double-blinded controlled Zn supplementation study was conducted on 826 children aged 2–5 years. Placebo or Zn (10 mg/d) was given in syrup daily for 4 months, with 200 000 IU vitamin A (60 mg retinol) given to all children at 2 months. Health workers visited children every 3 d for compliance and morbidity information. We found that 84 % of children experienced URTI during the study. Zn supplementation reduced the percentage of days with URTI (12 % reduction;P = 0·09), with greater impact following vitamin A supplementation (20 % reduction;P = 0·01). Vitamin A supplementation was associated with a decreased number but an increased duration of URTI episodes. We conclude that Zn combined with vitamin A supplementation significantly reduced the percentage of days with URTI in a population of preschool Indonesian children with marginal nutritional status. The results suggest that vitamin A status modifies the efficacy of Zn supplementation on URTI.

scholarly journals 683. Molecular Detection of Enterovirus D68 among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S395-S395
Author(s):  
Joyce Appiah-Kubi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Enterovirus D68 ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory tract infections of viral origin remain a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and economic loss regardless of age or gender. A small number of acute respiratory tract infection cases caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) have been reported regularly to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since 1987 by countries in North America, Europe and Asia. However, in 2014 and 2015, the number of reported confirmed EV-D68 infections was much greater than in previous years. The National Influenza Centre (NIC), Ghana carries out surveillance of respiratory infections, focusing on those caused by influenza virus; however, there is inadequate information on other viruses causing respiratory infections in Ghana, including EV-D68. Objectives To investigate the association of EV-D68 with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) and Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) in Ghana. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study which involved archived human respiratory specimens stored at -80ºC at the NIC from 2014 to 2015. Using a random sampling method, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with SARI and ILI that were negative by real-time PCR for human influenza viruses were screened for EV-D68 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Results Enterovirus D68 was detected in 4 (2.2%) out 182 SARI samples tested. EV-D68 was detected in children younger than 5 years (4-100% of positives) and was not detected in children older than 5 years. Enterovirus D68 was detected more frequently in SARI cases (3%) than in ILI cases (1.2%). Conclusion This study has shown for the first time the presence of EV-D68 in acute respiratory infection in Ghana. The results confirmed minimal EV-D68 circulation in the Ghanaian population. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Respiratory infections in the newborn

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Michael D Nissen ◽  
Theo Sloots
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Risk Of Death

It is well recognised that acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) occurs commonly in children younger than 5 years of age, with pneumonia being the most serious complication. The greatest risk of death from pneumonia in childhood is in the neonatal period; it is estimated that pneumonia contributes to between 0.75-1.2 million neonatal deaths annually, accounting for approximately 10% of global child mortality. Of all neonatal deaths due to pneumonia, 96% occur in the developing world.

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