Investigation of Serum Vitamin A Levels of Children who had a History of Recurrent Diarrhoea and Acute Respiratory Infections in Ankara

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya. Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

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Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211021739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110217

Author(s):

Indah K. Murni ◽

Endy P. Prawirohartono ◽

Rina Triasih

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Large Dose ◽

Common Cold ◽

Potential Role ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Short Period

Background. Vitamin C, E, D, A, zinc are considered to be essential in preventing and treating of acute respiratory infections (ARI) including COVID-19. Methods. We reviewed published studies evaluating the potential roles of these vitamin and zinc for ARIs and COVID-19 using Medline database, medRxiv, and bibliographic references. Results. Vitamins C, D, and E did not reduce incidence of common cold in general, but vitamin C reduced by half in population with physical and environment stresses. Vitamins C and E shortened duration and reduced severity of common cold. A large-dose vitamin A had no effect on recovery from pneumonia. Zinc improved clinical deterioration and pneumonia duration in under five. The effect on preventing COVID-19 morbidity and related-death was lacking. Conclusions. Although the effects of vitamins and zinc on ARIs including COVID-19 were inconclusive, taking these for a short period during pandemic may be beneficial when there is risks of deficiency.

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Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Among Under-five Children in Bangladesh

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 72-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kazi Md. Abul Kalam Azad

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Adolescent Mothers ◽

Home Visiting ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to identify the significant risk factors for ARI in children less than five years of age. The data in this study comes from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004. In this study, a child was considered as having experienced ARI if she or he had cough in the last two weeks preceding the survey with any one of the three symptoms of short but rapid breathing, difficulty of breathing or labored inspiration. Logistic regression was used on various independent variables to find the risk factors. Results showed that child's age, sex, body weight and Vitamin A deficiency were correlated with prevalence of ARI. Additionally mother's characteristics like age, malnutrition, education level, and family's socio-economic status were found to be associated. Recommendations include more specific knowledge of ARI to adolescent mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. A community service which could include home visiting for health education, supplementation of vitamin A, and advice would be an advantage if provided for poor or teenaged pregnant women. This in turn would reduce low birth weight incidence, and subsequently reduce incidence of ARI among these children.Keywords: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Risk factors; Infant; Child under 5 years; Bangladesh.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2037-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055

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Vitamin A and Th1 Response in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections

Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/jbs.2006.881.886 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 881-886

Author(s):

R. Hemalatha . ◽

Y. Kodandhapani . ◽

N. Balakrishna .

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Th1 Response

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Wheeze among Pneumonia Patients in Paediatrics Department of Patan Hospital

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4642 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sita Ram Shrestha ◽

B Yadhav ◽

S Shresta

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Paediatric Ward ◽

High Grade Fever ◽

History Of ◽

Prolonged Hospital ◽

Culture Positive

Background: Acute respiratory infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. It is estimated that 3.9 million children die annually from acute respiratary diseases and most of them in developing countries. In significant cases, wheeze is associated with Pneumonia. This study was done to find out the outcome of pneumonia patients admitted in the paediatric ward with wheeze and without wheeze in terms of hospital stay, age predominance, sex ratio, mortality and morbity of patients. Some comorbidies of patients were also studied, Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the paediatric ward of Patan Hospital from April-June 2004 to March-April 2006 AD with following inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the children presented to Emergency ward up to 14 years with symptoms and sign of pneumonia were included in the study(high grade fever with chills and rigor,cough,fast breathing,creps and wheeze in auscultation)Age more than 14 years,history of Asthma,Tuberculosis,Acute wheeze associated with cardiac problems were excluded from study.Pneumonia patients admitted not from Emergency department were also excluded from study. Pneumonia with wheeze, outcome, and the hospital stay were studied. The outcome was measured in terms of improvement, deterioration or death of patients. Co morbidities associated with Pneumonia were also studied. Results: Out of 4620 children admitted in pediatric ward eleven hundred and sixty four (Twenty five percent) cases were of pneumonia and among them two hundred eighty three(twenty four percent) had wheeze. Majority of patients with pneumonia having wheeze falls on age group in between 2 and 12 months, followed by 1-5 years. The male children were more frequently affected. The co morbidities were febrile seizure, acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: The children admitted in Paediatric ward with Pneumonia were eleven hundred and sixty four and with wheeze were two hundred and eight three. Among them male were more than females. Majority of patients falls on age group two to twelve months. and study showed that they had prolonged hospital stay in relation to without wheeze. Three percent of the cases had blood culture positive among eleven hundred and sixty four sample Key words: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Wheeze; Paediatric ward; Sepsis; hospital stay. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4642 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):116-120

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Prediction of lactational mastitis

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj70926 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

Z. D. Karimov ◽

L. P. Bakuleva ◽

M. F. Yakutina ◽

S. S. Babayan

Keyword(s):

Chronic Infection ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Risk Group ◽

Lysozyme Activity ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

History Of ◽

Prolonged Labor ◽

Lactational Mastitis

We investigated the bacterial contamination of the milk of women in the iris group in parallel with the determination of lysozyme activity in it. The risk group included birthing women with a history of mastitis, foci of chronic infection; acute respiratory infections during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period, other febrile conditions; lactostasis; prolonged labor; severe forms of toxemia of the second half of pregnancy.

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Plasma retinol level, vitamin A supplementation and acute respiratory infections in children of 1–5 years old in a developing country

Tubercle and Lung Disease ◽

10.1016/0962-8479(95)90535-9 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C.B. Kartasasmita ◽

O. Rosmayudi ◽

W. Deville ◽

M. Demedts

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Developing Country ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Vitamin A Supplementation ◽

Plasma Retinol

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The effect of exclusive breastfeeding on reducing acute respiratory infections in low birth weight infants

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi52.4.2012.229-32 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karolina Trigemayanti Tallo ◽

I Kompyang Gede Suandi ◽

Setya Wandita

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

History Of

Background Infants who are breastfed receive natural protectionagainst certain infections. Despite the known benefits of exclusivebreastfeeding, many Indonesian mothers choose to supplementwith formula. There have been few Indonesian studies on theeffect of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing acute respiratoryinfections in low birth weight infants in their first four monthsof life.Objective To investigate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding inreducing the incidence of acute respiratory infections in low birthweight infants during their first four months of life.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on low birthweight babies in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. The total numberof subjects was 181. The incidence of acute respiratory infectionsduring the first 4 months of life and the duration of breast feedingwere assessed by questionnaires. Data was analyzed Mth Chisquare and logistic regression tests.Results Infants who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months hada lower risk of acute respiratory infection than those who were notexclusively breastfed (RR 0.07; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.14; P􀁄O.OOI).After adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal nutritionalstatus, family size, smoke exposure, and history of atopy, infantswho were exclusively breastfed still had a lower risk for acuterespiratory infection than those who were not exclusively breastfed(RR 0.06; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.13; P 􀁄 0.001)Conclusion Exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of acuterespiratory infection in low birth weight infants in the first fourmonths after birth. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:229,32].

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