Approximation of the hydrodynamic equations by a transport process

1980 ◽  
pp. 272-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Kaniel
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Hydrodynamic Equations

The elasto-hydrodynamic equations of the colloidal crystals

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jorand ◽  
E. Dubois-Violette ◽  
B. Pansu ◽  
F. Rothen
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Crystals ◽  
Hydrodynamic Equations

EFFICACY OF SALICYLIC AND ASCORBIC ACIDS TO REDUCE THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORT STRESS ON LIVE WEIGHT, SOME BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS AND INTESTINAL VILLI OF BROILER CHICKENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081
Author(s):  
Al obaydy & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Villi ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Financial Losses

This experiment was conducted and aimed to reducing mortality and losing the weight of birds transported to the slaughter house through reducing or Transport stress removal and thus to reduce financial losses. 150 birds used almost equal weights that were divided into three treatment groups and by five replicates for each treatment is control treatment (T1) without giving anything and treatment with salicylic acid concentration 1 g / liter of drinking water (T2) and treatment with ascorbic acid (T3) concentration 0.5 g / Liter of drinking water provided 24 hours before its transport. The transport process resulted in a highly significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in body weight in treatment T1 as it reached 4.66%, while it reached 1.68 and 1.09% in treatment T2 and T3, respectively. The transport process led to an increase in body temperature, H / L ratio, the concentration of glucose, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the blood serum, as the transport process led to a very significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in the cholesterol concentration, Uric acid, intestinal villi length and crypts depth. T2 and T3 treatments showed their ability to reduce transport stress, especially T3, where they outperformed T1 in most traits. It is concluded from the study that adding ascorbic acid by 0.5 g / L drinking water 24 hours before transporting the chicks to the slaughter house reduces the transport stress and lessen financial losses, so it is recommended to use it.

The motion of the particles volume corresponding to invariant solution of rank 2 submodel of hydrodynamic type

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
D.T. Siraeva
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Invariant Solution ◽  
Hydrodynamic Type ◽  
Lagrangian Coordinates ◽  
Hydrodynamic Equations ◽  
Rank 2 ◽  
Invariant Submodel ◽  
Entropy Functions

Invariant submodel of rank 2 on the subalgebra consisting of the sum of transfers for hydrodynamic equations with the equation of state in the form of pressure as the sum of density and entropy functions, is presented. In terms of the Lagrangian coordinates from condition of nonhyperbolic submodel solutions depending on the four essential constants are obtained. For simplicity, we consider the solution depending on two constants. The trajectory of particles motion, the motion of parallelepiped of the same particles are studied using the Maple.

Classical Kinetic Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Morawetz
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Hydrodynamic Equations ◽  
Free Particles ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Non Locality

The classical non-ideal gas shows that the two original concepts of the pressure based of the motion and the forces have eventually developed into drift and dissipation contributions. Collisions of realistic particles are nonlocal and non-instant. A collision delay characterizes the effective duration of collisions, and three displacements, describe its effective non-locality. Consequently, the scattering integral of kinetic equation is nonlocal and non-instant. The non-instant and nonlocal corrections to the scattering integral directly result in the virial corrections to the equation of state. The interaction of particles via long-range potential tails is approximated by a mean field which acts as an external field. The effect of the mean field on free particles is covered by the momentum drift. The effect of the mean field on the colliding pairs causes the momentum and the energy gains which enter the scattering integral and lead to an internal mechanism of energy conversion. The entropy production is shown and the nonequilibrium hydrodynamic equations are derived. Two concepts of quasiparticle, the spectral and the variational one, are explored with the help of the virial of forces.

scholarly journals Calixresorcin[4]arene-Mediated Transport of Pb(II) Ions Through Polymer Inclusion Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Joanna Konczyk ◽  
Wojciech Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Membrane ◽  
Polymer Inclusion Membrane ◽  
Membrane Effect ◽  
Feed Phase ◽  
Ion Carrier ◽  
Feed Effect ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

A facilitated transport of Pb(II) through polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing 1,8,15,22-tetra(1-heptyl)-calixresorcin[4]arene and its tetra- and octasubstituted derivatives containing phosphoryl, thiophosphoryl or ester groups as an ion carrier was investigated. The efficiency of Pb(II) removal from aqueous nitrate solutions was considered as a function of the composition of membrane (effect of polymer, plasticizer, and carrier), feed (effect of initial metal concentration and presence of other metal ions) and stripping phases, and temperature of the process conducting. Two kinetic models were applied for the transport description. The highest Pb(II) ions removal efficiency was obtained for the membrane with tetrathiophosphorylated heptyl-calixresorcin[4]arene as an ion carrier. The activation energy value, found from Eyring plot to be equal 38.7 ± 1.3 kJ/mol, suggests that the transport process is controllable both by diffusion and chemical reaction. The competitive transport of Pb(II) over Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) ions across PIMs under the optimal conditions was also performed. It was found that the Cr(III) ions’ presence in the feed phase disturb effective re-extraction of Pb(II) ions from membrane to stripping phase. Better stability of PIM-type than SLM-type membrane was found.

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