Plasma Cholinesterase Activity in Female Green Turtles Chelonia mydas Nesting in Laguna de Terminos, Mexico Related to Organochlorine Pesticides in Their Eggs

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Gerardo Rivas-Hernández ◽  
Yaneli May-Uc ◽  
Elsa Noreña-Barroso ◽  
Víctor Cobos-Gasca ◽  
Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Laguna De Terminos

scholarly journals Plasma cholinesterase activity as an environmental impact biomarker in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Leandro A. Fonseca ◽  
Andres M.O. Orozco ◽  
Pollyanna C. Souto ◽  
Lorraine R.S. Dornelas ◽  
Wilson P.C. Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Capture Site ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Populations

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of plasma cholinesterase in Chelonia mydas marine turtles belonging to two populations, according to their capture sites, under the absence and probable influence of anthropic effects. A total of 74 animals were used and later divided into two groups, based on the capture site. Blood samples were collected from all captured animals, which were then released into the sea at the site of capture. A descriptive statistical analysis of the plasma cholinesterase activity values and an analysis comparing these values based on the capture site were performed. Samples of heparinized plasma from animals captured at the two different sites were analyzed. Plasma cholinesterase activity ranged from 121 to 248U/L, with a mean and standard deviation of 186.1±30.68U/L. When comparing plasma cholinesterase activity values in individuals based on the capture site, a significant difference was observed. Establishing reference values for different sea turtle populations is necessary to interpret future sampling results and to allow sea turtles to be used as sentinels of ecosystem health. Future studies are needed to evaluate other populations and the activity of plasma cholinesterase in juvenile marine turtles, in relation to environmental contamination.

Potentiation of Mivacurium Blockade by Low Dose of Pancuronium

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Motamed ◽  
Riad Menad ◽  
Robert Farinotti ◽  
Krassen Kirov ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Before And After

Background Mivacurium is potentiated by pancuronium to a much greater extent than other relaxants. In a previous investigation we suggested that this potentiation could be due to the ability of pancuronium to inhibit plasma cholinesterase activity, but we did not measure plasma concentrations of mivacurium. In the current study we performed a pharmacokinetic analysis by measuring the plasma concentration of mivacurium when preceded by administration of a low dose of pancuronium. Methods After induction of general anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl and orotracheal intubation, 10 patients (pancuronium-mivacurium group) received 15 microg/kg pancuronium followed 3 min later by 0.1 mg/kg mivacurium, whereas 10 other patients (mivacurium group) received saline followed by 0.13 mg/kg mivacurium 3 min later. Plasma cholinesterase activity was measured before and 3 and 30 min after pancuronium dosing in the pancuronium-mivacurium group and was measured before and after administration of saline in the mivacurium group. Arterial plasma concentrations of mivacurium and its metabolites were measured at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 10, 20, and 30 min after injection. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed by mechanomyography. Results Plasma cholinesterase activity decreased by 26% in the pancuronium-mivacurium group 3 min after injection of pancuronium (P < 0.01) and returned to baseline values 30 min later; however, no significant variation was observed in the mivacurium group. The clearances of the two most active isomers (Cis-Trans and Trans-Trans) were lower in the pancuronium-mivacurium group (17.6 +/- 5.1, 14.7 +/- 5.3 ml. min-1. kg-1, respectively) than in the mivacurium group (32.4 +/- 20.2, 24.8 +/- 13.5 ml. min-1. kg-1; P < 0.05). Conclusions A subparalyzing dose of pancuronium decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and the clearance of the two most active isomers of mivacurium. Pancuronium potentiates mivacurium more than other neuromuscular blocking agents because, in addition to its occupancy of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors, it slows down the hydrolysis of mivacurium.

Acceleration of Plasma Cholinesterase Activity by Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Science ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 128 (3315) ◽  
pp. 92-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. ERDOS ◽  
F. F. FOLDES ◽  
E. K. ZSIGMOND ◽  
N. BAART ◽  
J. A. ZWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity

Management of Methomyl Poisoning

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martinez-Chuecos ◽  
F. Molinero-Somolinos ◽  
J. Solé-Violàn ◽  
R. Rubio-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Small Doses

Eleven patients who suffered methomyl poisoning were admitted to the intensive care unit. All of them showed cholinergic symptoms similar to that produced by organophosphate insecticides but of lesser intensity. Plasma cholinesterase activity was normal in four patients and moderately lower in the remainder (always above 32%). All of the patients showed miosis and none presented with bradycardia. No complications were detected in the acute stage or on further examination a month later. The treatment applied was: (1) gastric lavage or washing the skin; (2) the administration of activated charcoal; (3) small doses of atropine according to symptoms (average of total dose 4.3 mg). All of the patients recovered within 24-48 h. In conclusion, we can assume that methomyl poisoning does not produce serious complications if moderate surveillance is assumed. Only small doses of atropine are required to counteract symptoms.

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