scholarly journals Correction to: Sign‑ and goal‑tracking score does not correlate with addiction‑like behavior following prolonged cocaine self‑administration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Pohořalá ◽  
Thomas Enkel ◽  
Dusan Bartsch ◽  
Rainer Spanagel ◽  
Rick E. Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Goal Tracking

scholarly journals Inactivation of posterior but not anterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen impedes learning with self-administered nicotine stimulus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Robison ◽  
Theodore Kazan ◽  
Rikki Miller ◽  
Nicole Cova ◽  
Sergios Charntikov
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Caudate Putamen ◽  
Appetitive Learning ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Response

ABSTRACTThe rodent caudate-putamen is a large heterogeneous neural structure with distinct anatomical connections that differ in their control of learning processes. Previous research suggests that the anterior and posterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen (a- and p-dmCPu) differentially regulate associative learning with a non-contingent nicotine stimulus. The current study used bilateral NMDA-induced excitotoxic lesions to the a-dmCPu and p-dmCPu to determine the functional involvement of a-dmCPu and p-dmCPu in appetitive learning with contingent nicotine stimulus. Rats with a-dmCPu, p-dmCPu, or sham lesions were trained to lever-press for intravenous nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/inf) followed by access to sucrose 30 s later. After 1, 3, 9, and 20 nicotine-sucrose training sessions, appetitive learning in the form of a goal-tracking response was assessed using a non-contingent nicotine-alone test. All rats acquired nicotine self-administration and learned to retrieve sucrose from a receptacle at equal rates. However, rats with lesions to p-dmCPu demonstrated blunted learning of the nicotine-sucrose association. Our primary findings show that rats with lesions to p-dmCPu had a blunted goal-tracking response to a non-contingent nicotine administration after 20 consecutive days of nicotine-sucrose pairing. Our findings extend previous reports to a contingent model of nicotine self-administration and show that p-dmCPu is involved in associative learning with nicotine stimulus using a paradigm where rats voluntarily self-administer nicotine infusions that are paired with access to sucrose—a paradigm that closely resembles learning processes observed in humans.

scholarly journals Iptakalim attenuates self-administration and acquired goal-tracking behavior controlled by nicotine

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charntikov ◽  
N. Swalve ◽  
S. Pittenger ◽  
K. Fink ◽  
S. Schepers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

scholarly journals The synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline increases alcohol self-administration and alters basolateral amygdala response to alcohol in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren H. Makhijani ◽  
Janay P. Franklin ◽  
Kalynn Van Voorhies ◽  
Brayden Fortino ◽  
Joyce Besheer
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that can increase the risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). While clinical data has been useful in identifying similarities in the neurobiological bases of these disorders, preclinical models are essential for understanding the mechanism(s) by which PTSD increases the risk of developing AUD. The purpose of these studies was to examine if exposure of male Long-Evans rats to the synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) would increase alcohol self-administration, potentially by facilitating transfer of salience towards cues, and alter neuronal response to alcohol as measured by the immediate early gene c-Fos. In Experiment 1 rats exposed to repeated (4x) TMT showed reductions in goal-tracking behavior in Pavlovian conditioned approach, and increases in alcohol self-administration. In Experiment 2 rats exposed to repeated TMT showed blunted basolateral amygdala c-Fos response to alcohol, and increased correlation between medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala subregions. In Experiment 3 rats exposed to single, but not repeated TMT showed increases in alcohol self-administration, and no change in anxiety-like behavior or hyperarousal. In Experiment 4, rats showed no habituation of corticosterone response after 4 TMT exposures. In summary, exposure of male rats to TMT can cause escalations in alcohol self-administration, reductions in goal-tracking behavior, and reduction in BLA response to alcohol. These studies outline and utilize a novel preclinical model that can be used to further neurobiological understanding of the relationship between PTSD and AUD.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol During Adolescence as a Gateway Drug: Behavioural, Brain Imaging and Transcriptomic Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Orihuel ◽  
Roberto Capellán ◽  
David Roura-Martínez ◽  
Marcos Ucha ◽  
Laura Gómez-Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Gateway Hypothesis ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Goal Tracking

ABSTRACTCannabis is widely consumed by adolescents, and is also a potential prior step leading to the use of other drugs later in life (Gateway Hypothesis); however, the evidence for this hypothesis is controversial. This work aimed to increase our understanding of the long-term consequences of adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and to test the Gateway Hypothesis, experimentally. We exposed rats of both sexes to THC and studied its effects on reward-related processes, brain morphology (MRI), metabolism (1H-MRS), function (PET) and the transcriptomic profiles of the nucleus accumbens (RNASeq). Lastly, we studied cocaine-induced cellular activation (c-Fos) and cocaine addiction-like behaviours. THC exposure increased Pavlovian to instrumental transfer in males, goal-tracking (regardless of the sex) and impulsivity, but did not affect habit formation. Adolescent THC reduced striatal volume (in females), commissural integrity and ventricular volume. Also, there were lower levels of choline compounds in the cortex of THC-exposed rats and cerebellar hypoactivation in THC-females. THC also modified some of the gene expression programs of the nucleus accumbens, which could contribute to the behavioural features observed. Lastly, THC exposure increased cocaine-induced c-Fos levels in cortical and hypothalamic areas and increased the motivation for cocaine, followed by a higher rebound of use in THC-females after reestablishing low-effort conditions. Critically, acquisition of cocaine self-administration, compulsive seeking, intake under extended access or the incubation of seeking were unaltered. These results suggest that adolescent THC exposure alters psychological and brain development and that the Gateway Hypothesis does not entirely pass the test of preclinical enquiry.

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

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