scholarly journals Fracture Incidence and the Relevance of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Differ in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong: An International Comparison of Longitudinal Cohort Study Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. G. Hayhoe ◽  
Ruth Chan ◽  
Jane Skinner ◽  
Jason Leung ◽  
Amy Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Fracture Incidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models

AbstractGeographic variation in fracture risk may be due to divergent profiles of dietary, lifestyle, and other risk factors between populations. We investigated differences in fracture rates between two older-population cohorts: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Norfolk cohort (n = 7732) in the United Kingdom (UK), and the Mr and Ms Os cohort (n = 3956) in Hong Kong (HK). Data were collected by questionnaires, laboratory assessments, and hospital records. Incidence of hip, spine, and wrist fractures in the two cohorts was calculated and multivariable regression was used to explore variables important to fracture risk. Total hip, spine, and wrist fracture incidence was higher in the UK vs HK for women (13.70 vs 8.76 per 1000 person-years; p < 0.001), but not men (5.95 vs 5.37 per 1000 person-years; p = 0.337), and the proportions of different fractures also varied between cohorts (p < 0.001). Hip fracture was the most common UK fracture (accounting for 56.8% fractures in men and 52.6% in women), while wrist fracture was most common in HK (42.9% in men and 57.9% in women). The major contributor to total fracture risk in multivariable regression models of both cohorts and sexes, was age; with BMI also an important contributor to fracture risk HK men and UK women. The distribution of factors relevant to fracture risk, and the rates of different fractures, varied significantly between UK and HK cohorts. However, the importance of each factor in contributing to fracture risk was similar between the cohorts. The differences in fracture rates suggest targeted approaches may be required when developing interventions and public health recommendations to reduce the burden of osteoporosis in these two countries.

Introduction

Extreme Asia ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Far East ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Film Distribution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Distribution Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Comprehensive History

This book is a study of the Asia Extreme brand, a DVD and theatrical release label created by British film distribution company Metro-Tartan/Tartan Films. Specifically, this book offers a comprehensive history of the marketing and critical reception of this series of films from Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Hong Kong, focusing on releases in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2005. The strategies and marketing campaigns used by Tartan Films to promote these films to a wide British audience will be examined, as will the critical and journalistic reception of the films. The following analysis seeks to account for the rise in visibility of this cycle of Japanese horror, Hong Kong action and Korean cult film in the UK, and to chart the changing contexts of their reception. In the process, this research identifies the cinematic debates, assumptions and prejudices that inform the British critical reception of ‘cult’ cinema from the Far East....

scholarly journals A comparison of government communication of climate change in Hong Kong and United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma JS Ferranti ◽  
Joanna Ho Yan Wong ◽  
Surindar Dhesi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Practice Elements ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Climate Change Information ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Characteristics

AbstractAs leaders of civil society, governments have a prime responsibility to communicate climate change information in order to motivate their citizens to mitigate and adapt. This study compares the approaches of the United Kingdom (UK) and Hong Kong (HK) governments. Although different in size and population, the UK and HK have similar climate change agendas to communicate to similarly educated and prosperous populations. The study finds that whilst both governments use similar means: policy, education, campaigns, internet and social media, these have different characteristics, with different emphases in their climate change message. The UK’s top-down approach is more prominent in its legally binding policy and well-defined programmes for adaptation and risk assessment. HK has more effectively embedded climate change education across the school curricula, and has a more centralized and consistently branded campaign, with widespread use of visual language to connect the public to the problem. HK frames climate change as a science-society problem, and has a greater focus on self-responsibility and bottom-up behavioral change. Thus, the UK and HK governments have polarized approaches to motivating their citizens into climate action. Moving forwards, both governments should consider best practice elements of the other to develop their communication of climate change.

China will largely abide by Hong Kong handover terms

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Young People ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The City

Significance This case adds to a growing list of incidents, including the abduction of five Hong Kong booksellers by mainland agents in 2015, that feed fears in Hong Kong that Beijing is undermining the autonomy the city was promised when the UK government handed it over to China in 1997. Impacts The United Kingdom is unlikely to escalate disputes over Beijing's adherence to the handover treaty since doing so might backfire. Evidence of China interfering with business in Hong Kong would be far more economically damaging than targeted political repression. Even limited encroachments by Beijing will increase pessimism about the city's long-term future and make young people keener to emigrate.

Adaptations of the United Kingdom Takeover Panel in Hong Kong and Singapore: Convergence or Divergence?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Emma ARMSON
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This article examines the transplantation of the Takeover Panel model from the United Kingdom into the takeover regulatory systems in Hong Kong and Singapore. It focuses on the extent to which this has resulted in formal convergence between the Takeover Panel in the UK and those established in Hong Kong and Singapore. Formal convergence is assessed in terms of the institutional structures of these Panels and is based on their independence and roles, the powers of the Panels and their Executives, and review of their decisions. Applying these criteria, this article concludes that there are medium levels of formal convergence with the UK Panel in both the Hong Kong and Singapore Panels. This article also examines functional convergence, namely the extent to which the Hong Kong and Singapore Panels operate similarly to the UK Panel in practice. In relation to the procedural rules and processes implemented by the Panels, this article concludes that there is a medium form of functional convergence in the case of the Hong Kong Panel, and a weak form of this for the Singapore Panel. Finally, the study of functional convergence in decision-making also includes an examination of the extent to which the Hong Kong and Singapore Panels refer explicitly to the UK approach in their decisions.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

Risk Transferin Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative Procurement Documents:The Differencebetween The United Kingdom and Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nooriha Abdullah ◽  
Darinka Asenova ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

The aim of this paper is to analyse the risk transfer issue in Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative (PPP/PFI) procurement documents in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. It utilises qualitative research methods using documentation and interviews for data collection. The UK documents (guidelines and contracts) identify the risks related to this form of public procurement of services and makeexplicittheappropriateallocation of those risks between the public and the private sector PPP/PFI partners and so the types of risks each party should bear. However, in Malaysia, such allocation of risks was not mentioned in PPP/PFI guidelines. Hence, a question arises regarding whether risk transfer exists in Malaysian PPP/PFI projects, whether in contracts or by other means. This research question is the rationale for the comparative analysis ofdocumentsand practicesrelatingtorisk transfer in the PPP/PFI procurements in both countries. The results clarify risk-related issues that arise in implementing PPP/PFI procurement in Malaysia, in particular how risk is conceptualised, recognised and allocated (whether explicitly or implicitly), whether or not that allocation is intended to achieve optimum risk transfer, and so the implications forachievement ofvalue for moneyor other such objectivesinPPP/PFI.

HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

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