Diffusion Behaviors of Fluorescence Probe Molecules Through the Stratum Corneum Layer Under Physical Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Ho Lee ◽  
Jin Woong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Behaviors

Environment of solubilized molecules in bile salt micelles

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Fisher ◽  
DG Oakenfull
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Probe Molecules ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Planar Molecule ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Planar Molecules ◽  
Bile Salt Micelle

Bile salt micelles, and mixed bile salt-phospholipid micelles, solubilize cholesterol and dietary lipids. As a first step in a study of the mechanism of solubilization by bile salt micelles, we have studied the solubilization of two fluorescence probe molecules and an electron spin resonance probe molecule. One fluorescence probe, 1-methylanthracene, is free to rotate in the molecular plane when solubilized. The other probe molecules, N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine and 4-(11-carboxy-1-hexylundec-1-yl)- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy, are greatly restricted in mobility when solubilized. The 1-methylanthracene molecule is planar, and is small enough to fit into the hydrophobic region of a bile salt micelle without protruding. The other probe molecules used do not fit these criteria. We suggest that small planar molecules in general may be free to rotate (about an axis perpendicular to the plane) in bile salt micelles. Thus solubilization of planar molecules would be entropically favoured. In particular, cholesterol is a planar molecule known to be highly solubilized by bile salt micelles. The cholesterol molecule meets the above criteria, and thus we suggest that its solubilization is entropically favoured over non-planar molecules.

Changes in corneocyte element concentrations occur in skin inner stratum corneum

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. R. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Intercellular Lipid

Keratinocytes undergo maturation during their transit through the viable layers of skin, and then abruptly transform into flattened, anuclear corneocytes that constitute the cellular component of the skin barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). The SC is generally considered to be homogeneous in its structure and barrier properties, and is often shown schematically as a featureless brick wall, the “bricks” being the corneocytes, the “mortar” being intercellular lipid. Previously we showed the outer SC was not homogeneous in its composition, but contained steep gradients of the physiological inorganic elements Na, K and Cl, likely originating from sweat salts. Here we show the innermost corneocytes in human skin are also heterogeneous in composition, undergoing systematic changes in intracellular element concentration during transit into the interior of the SC.Human skin biopsies were taken from the lower leg of individuals with both “good” and “dry” skin and plunge-frozen in a stirred, cooled isopentane/propane mixture.

Paracrystalline Aggregates of Psoriatic Keratin and Their Relation to Normal Keratin Structure

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
P.M. Steinert ◽  
B.L. Trus ◽  
A.C. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Intermediate Filament ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Horny Layer ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

During terminal differentiation of vertebrate epidermis, certain specific keratin intermediate filament (KIF) proteins are produced. Keratinization of the epidermis involves cell death and disruption of the cytoplasm, leaving a network of KIF embedded in an amorphous matrix which forms the outer horny layer known as the stratum corneum. Eventually these cells are shed (desquamation). Normally, the processes of differentiation, keratinization, and desquamation are regulated in an orderly manner. In psoriasis, a chronic skin disease, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum is produced, resulting in abnormal desquamation of unusually large scales. In this disease, the normal KIF proteins are diminished in amount or absent, and other proteins more typical of proliferative epidermal cells are present. There is also evidence of proteolytic degradation of the KIF.

Effects of Physical Training on Stuttering

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Don Franks ◽  
Elizabeth B. Franks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Response To Exercise

Eight college students enrolled in group therapy for stuttering were divided into two equal groups for 20 weeks. The training group supplemented therapy with endurance running and calisthenics three days per week. The subjects were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the training on a battery of stuttering tests and cardiovascular measures taken at rest, after stuttering, and after submaximal exercise. There were no significant differences (0.05 level) prior to training. At the conclusion of training, the training group was significandy better in cardiovascular response to exercise and stuttering. Although physical training did not significantly aid the reduction of stuttering as measured in this study, training did cause an increased ability to adapt physiologically to physical stress and to the stress of stuttering.

Symposium 34: Underrecovery, overdoing and overtraining: Mood changes and physical stress prior to and during a six-day stage race in male road cyclists

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Birrer ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Mark B. Andersen ◽  
Tamie Ebert ◽  
Brian Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stress ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Road Cyclists

Rätselhafte Bläschen an Händen und Mundschleimhaut bei einem 15 Monate alten Mädchen: Intoxikation durch Dieselöl

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Andreas Merkenschlager ◽  
Matthias Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum

ZusammenfassungAkzidentelle Vergiftungen ereignen sich am häufigsten im Kleinkindesalter. Der weit verbreitete Gebrauch von aliphatischen Hydrokarbonen wie Dieselöl begünstigt Intoxikationen. Die Ingestion von Dieseltreibstoff birgt insbesondere die Gefahr einer Aspirationspneumonie. Akute Hauttoxizität ist hingegen selten.Ein 15 Monate altes Mädchen entwickelte nach vorausgegangenem Erbrechen und einer mehrere Stunden andauernden Lethargie innerhalb von 24 Stunden zahlreiche bläschenartige Hautläsionen, die teilweise ulzeriert waren, an den Fingern, der Handinnenfläche sowie perioral. Die Wangen- und Gaumensegelschleimhaut zeigten mehrere kleine Ulzera, die weißlich belegt und hämorrhagisch waren. Zunächst wurde eine Hand-Fuß-Mund-Krankheit vermutet. Durch ausführliche Anamnese konnte jedoch festgestellt werden, dass das Kind am Tag zuvor in einem Sandkasten gespielt hatte, der durch ein Leck in einem daneben stehenden Dieselöltank kontaminiert gewesen war. Eine pulmonale oder hepatische Beteiligung konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Läsionen heilten vollständig unter antiseptischen Verbänden innerhalb einer Woche ab.Man nimmt an, dass Dieselöl primär das Stratum corneum der Haut schädigt. Kinder sind aufgrund ihrer gegenüber Erwachsenen dünneren Hornhaut gefährdeter. In seltenen Fällen können sich Vesikel, Ulzera und Hämorrhagien entwickeln, die mit Infektionskrankheiten verwechselt werden können.Unstimmigkeiten bei klinischen Befunden sollten insbesondere bei Kleinkindern immer an mögliche Intoxikationen denken lassen.

A Three-Dimensional Tetraphenylethylene-Based Fluorescence Covalent Organic Framework for Molecular Recognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Ren ◽  
Yaozu Liu ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Yangyang Pan ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Covalent Organic Framework ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Organic Framework

<p><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a>The development of highly-sensitive recognition of </a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a>hazardous </a>chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is of significant importance because of their widespread social concerns related to environment and human health. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF, termed JUC-555) bearing tetraphenylethylene (TPE) side chains as an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence probe for sensitive molecular recognition.<a></a><a> </a>Due to the rotational restriction of TPE rotors in highly interpenetrated framework after inclusion of dimethylformamide (DMF), JUC-555 shows impressive AIE-based strong fluorescence. Meanwhile, owing to the large pore size (11.4 Å) and suitable intermolecular distance of aligned TPE (7.2 Å) in JUC-555, the obtained material demonstrates an excellent performance in the molecular recognition of hazardous chemicals, e.g., nitroaromatic explosives, PAHs, and even thiophene compounds, via a fluorescent quenching mechanism. The quenching constant (<i>K</i><sub>SV</sub>) is two orders of magnitude better than those of other fluorescence-based porous materials reported to date. This research thus opens 3D functionalized COFs as a promising identification tool for environmentally hazardous substances.</p>

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