scholarly journals Lowering urinary oxalate excretion to decrease calcium oxalate stone disease

Urolithiasis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross P. Holmes ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Dean G. Assimos
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

scholarly journals Dietary oxalate and kidney stone formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. F409-F413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanecia Mitchell ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Thanmaya Reddy ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
John Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Dietary oxalate is plant-derived and may be a component of vegetables, nuts, fruits, and grains. In normal individuals, approximately half of urinary oxalate is derived from the diet and half from endogenous synthesis. The amount of oxalate excreted in urine plays an important role in calcium oxalate stone formation. Large epidemiological cohort studies have demonstrated that urinary oxalate excretion is a continuous variable when indexed to stone risk. Thus, individuals with oxalate excretions >25 mg/day may benefit from a reduction of urinary oxalate output. The 24-h urine assessment may miss periods of transient surges in urinary oxalate excretion, which may promote stone growth and is a limitation of this analysis. In this review we describe the impact of dietary oxalate and its contribution to stone growth. To limit calcium oxalate stone growth, we advocate that patients maintain appropriate hydration, avoid oxalate-rich foods, and consume an adequate amount of calcium.

scholarly journals Contribution of Dietary Oxalate and Oxalate Precursors to Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Crivelli ◽  
Tanecia Mitchell ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
Dean G. Assimos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of dietary oxalate intake on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone disease risk has been assessed through large cohort studies as well as smaller studies with dietary control. Net gastrointestinal oxalate absorption influences urinary oxalate excretion. Oxalate-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiome, especially Oxalobacter formigenes, may mitigate stone risk through reducing net oxalate absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the main dietary precursor for endogenous production of oxalate with several other compounds playing a lesser role. Renal handling of oxalate and, potentially, renal synthesis of oxalate may contribute to stone formation. In this review, we discuss dietary oxalate and precursors of oxalate, their pertinent physiology in humans, and what is known about their role in kidney stone disease.

scholarly journals Association of urinary sex steroid hormones with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in kidney stone formers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G Fuster ◽  
Gaétan A Morard ◽  
Lisa Schneider ◽  
Cedric Mattmann ◽  
David Lüthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Urinary Citrate ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Abstract Background Sex-specific differences in nephrolithiasis with respect to both distribution of prevalence and stone composition are widely described and may be influenced by sex hormones. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between 24-hour urinary sex hormone metabolites measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in a cohort of 628 kidney stone formers from a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, taking demographic characteristics, kidney function and dietary factors into account. Results We observed a positive association of urinary calcium with urinary testosterone and 17β-estradiol. Positive associations of urinary calcium with dehydroepiandrosterone, 5α-DH-testosterone, etiocholanolone, androsterone, and estriol were modified by net gastrointestinal alkali absorption or urinary sulfate excretion. As the only sex hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone was inversely associated with urinary oxalate excretion in adjusted analyses. Urinary citrate correlated positively with urinary testosterone. Associations of urinary citrate with urinary androsterone, 17β-estradiol and estriol were modified by urinary sulfate or sodium, or by sex. Conclusions Urinary androgens and estrogens are significantly associated with urinary calcium and citrate excretion, and associations are in part modified by diet. Our data furthermore reveal dehydroepiandrosterone as a novel factor associated with urinary oxalate excretion in humans.

scholarly journals Diet, but not oral probiotics, effectively reduces urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Lieske ◽  
William J. Tremaine ◽  
Claudio De Simone ◽  
Helen M. O'Connor ◽  
Xujian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion
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