scholarly journals Association of urinary sex steroid hormones with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in kidney stone formers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G Fuster ◽  
Gaétan A Morard ◽  
Lisa Schneider ◽  
Cedric Mattmann ◽  
David Lüthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Urinary Citrate ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Abstract Background Sex-specific differences in nephrolithiasis with respect to both distribution of prevalence and stone composition are widely described and may be influenced by sex hormones. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between 24-hour urinary sex hormone metabolites measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion in a cohort of 628 kidney stone formers from a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, taking demographic characteristics, kidney function and dietary factors into account. Results We observed a positive association of urinary calcium with urinary testosterone and 17β-estradiol. Positive associations of urinary calcium with dehydroepiandrosterone, 5α-DH-testosterone, etiocholanolone, androsterone, and estriol were modified by net gastrointestinal alkali absorption or urinary sulfate excretion. As the only sex hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone was inversely associated with urinary oxalate excretion in adjusted analyses. Urinary citrate correlated positively with urinary testosterone. Associations of urinary citrate with urinary androsterone, 17β-estradiol and estriol were modified by urinary sulfate or sodium, or by sex. Conclusions Urinary androgens and estrogens are significantly associated with urinary calcium and citrate excretion, and associations are in part modified by diet. Our data furthermore reveal dehydroepiandrosterone as a novel factor associated with urinary oxalate excretion in humans.

scholarly journals The Variability and Dietary Dependence of Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Recurrent Calcium Stone Formers

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Brown ◽  
G Stratmann ◽  
D M Cowley ◽  
B M Mottram ◽  
A H Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Twenty-two recurrent calcium stone formers had 24-h urinary oxalate excretions on their home diets which were significantly greater than those of 30 normal subjects (0·48±0·23 mmol/d; mean±SD compared with 0·31±0·11; P<0·01). The stone formers also demonstrated marked day to day variability in oxalate excretion indicating that a single normal urinary oxalate measurement did not exclude significant hyperoxaluria at other times. On a hospital diet containing 1000 mg calcium per day, urinary oxalate excretion fell significantly from 0·48±0·23 mmol/d to 0·32±0·12; P<0·01. As the urinary calcium excretion in and out of hospital was similar, it seems unlikely that low calcium intake at home was responsible for the hyperoxaluria. All patients had recurrent symptomatic stone disease and had been advised to avoid foods rich in oxalate. Whilst poor compliance is a possible explanation for the variability in oxalate excretion, we believe it is more likely that there is an inadvertent intake of oxalogenic precursors in their diet. As normal subjects do not demonstrate hyperoxaluria on similar home diets, stone formers may have a metabolic defect in the handling of these precursors.

Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Premature Infants: Effect of Human Milk Versus Formula Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Campfield ◽  
Gregory Braden ◽  
Patrecia Flynn-Valone ◽  
Nathaniel Clark
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Objective. To study urinary oxalate excretion in infants fed human milk versus formula, and to compare urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturation in premature infants with term infants and adults. Methodology. We measured urinary oxalate-to-creatinine ratio and urinary oxalate concentration in 15 premature infants fed human milk compared to 16 formula-fed premature infants, and in eight human milk-fed term infants compared to 17 formula-fed term infants. We then studied urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations based on our observations of elevated urinary oxalate excretion in premature infants. Urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations were calculated from urinary concentrations of oxalate, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorus, and urinary pH. We calculated urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations in nine healthy adults and nine formula-fed term infants to establish control values for urinary saturation. Urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate saturations were determined in nine premature infants receiving a glucose and electrolyte solution, 11 premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition, nine formula-fed premature infants, and 11 human milk-fed premature infants. Results. Urinary oxalate excretion was higher in formula-fed compared to human milk-fed premature infants whether expressed as oxalate-to-creatinine ratio (0.32 ± 0.04 versus 0.18 ± 0.03, P &lt; .01) or urinary oxalate concentration (0.047 ± 0.007 versus 0.022 ± 0.002 mg/mL, P &lt; .01). Urinary oxalate excretion was higher in formula-fed term infants than in human milk-fed term infants whether expressed as oxalate-to-creatinine ratio (0.14 ± 0.01 versus 0.07 ± 0.01, P &lt; .01) or urinary oxalate concentration (0.022 ± 0.002 versus 0.012 ± 0.002 mg/mL, P &lt; .01). The urinary calcium oxalate saturation in healthy adults was 2.84 ± 0.79; the value in formula-fed term infants was 2.12 ± 0.31. The urinary calcium oxalate saturation was significantly higher in premature infants receiving formula (15.68 ± 3.15), human milk (15.02 ± 2.27), or parenteral nutrition (11.38 ± 2.56) compared to adults or term infants (P &lt; .01). Urinary calcium oxalate saturation in premature infants receiving a glucose and electrolyte solution (2.45 ± 0.36) was not significantly different from that in adults or term infants. In contrast, urinary calcium phosphate saturation in premature infants as well as term infants and adults was less than 1; precipitation of calcium phosphate is not likely to occur under these conditions. Conclusion. Formula-fed infants have higher urinary oxalate excretion than human milk-fed infants. Premature infants receiving standard nutritional regimens may have urinary calcium oxalate saturation levels at which dissolved calcium oxalate may form nuclei of its solid phase.

scholarly journals Contribution of Dietary Oxalate and Oxalate Precursors to Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Crivelli ◽  
Tanecia Mitchell ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
Dean G. Assimos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of dietary oxalate intake on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone disease risk has been assessed through large cohort studies as well as smaller studies with dietary control. Net gastrointestinal oxalate absorption influences urinary oxalate excretion. Oxalate-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiome, especially Oxalobacter formigenes, may mitigate stone risk through reducing net oxalate absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the main dietary precursor for endogenous production of oxalate with several other compounds playing a lesser role. Renal handling of oxalate and, potentially, renal synthesis of oxalate may contribute to stone formation. In this review, we discuss dietary oxalate and precursors of oxalate, their pertinent physiology in humans, and what is known about their role in kidney stone disease.

Effect of High-Calcium Diet on Urinary Oxalate Excretion in Urinary Stone Formers

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiro Nakada ◽  
Isoji Sasagawa ◽  
Hidekatsu Furuta ◽  
Takashi Katayama ◽  
Jun Shimazaki
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Calcium Diet ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Diet ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

scholarly journals Diet, but not oral probiotics, effectively reduces urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Lieske ◽  
William J. Tremaine ◽  
Claudio De Simone ◽  
Helen M. O'Connor ◽  
Xujian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion
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