The dynamic nature of antipredator behavior: prey fish integrate threat-sensitive antipredator responses within background levels of predation risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant E. Brown ◽  
Alix C. Rive ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Background Levels ◽  
Antipredator Responses

Variable predation risk and the dynamic nature of mosquito antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues

Chemoecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud C. O. Ferrari ◽  
François Messier ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Antipredator Responses

Do antipredator responses of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis tadpoles depend on the intensity of predation risk?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-837
Author(s):  
Swapnil C. Supekar ◽  
Narahari P. Gramapurohit
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis ◽  
Antipredator Responses

scholarly journals Linking predation risk, ungulate antipredator responses, and patterns of vegetation in the high Andes

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 966-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Donadio ◽  
Steven W. Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Antipredator Responses

scholarly journals The responses of prey fish to temporal variation in predation risk: sensory habituation or risk assessment?

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. O. Ferrari ◽  
C. K. Elvidge ◽  
C. D. Jackson ◽  
D. P. Chivers ◽  
G. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Prey Fish

scholarly journals Stress responses to conspecific visual cues of predation risk in zebrafish

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Acosta Oliveira ◽  
Renan Idalencio ◽  
Fabiana Kalichak ◽  
João Gabriel dos Santos Rosa ◽  
Gessi Koakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Antipredator Behaviors ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Chemical communication relating to predation risk is a trait common among fish species. Prey fish under threat of predation can signal risk to conspecific fish, which then exhibit defensive responses. Fish also assess predation risk by visual cues and change their behavior accordingly. Here, we explored whether these behavioral changes act as visual alarm signals to conspecific fish that are not initially under risk. We show that shoals of zebrafish (Danio rerio) visually exposed to a predator display antipredator behaviors. In addition, these defensive maneuvers trigger antipredator reactions in conspecifics and, concomitantly, stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis, leading to cortisol increase. Thus, we conclude that zebrafish defensive behaviors act as visual alarm cues that induce antipredator and stress response in conspecific fish.

scholarly journals Both Prey and Predator Features Determine Predation Risk and Survival of Schooling Prey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolle W. Jolles ◽  
Matthew M.G. Sosna ◽  
Geoffrey P. F. Mazue ◽  
Colin R Twomey ◽  
Joseph Bak-Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Acceleration Response ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Schooling Fish ◽  
Social Grouping ◽  
Golden Shiners ◽  
Attack Strategy

Predation is one of the main evolutionary drivers of social grouping. While it is well appreciated that predation risk is likely not shared equally among individuals within groups, its detailed quantification has remained difficult due to the speed of attacks and the highly-dynamic nature of collective prey response. Here, using high-resolution tracking of solitary predators (Northern pike) hunting schooling fish (golden shiners), we not only provide detailed insights into predator decision-making but show which key spatial and kinematic features of predator and prey influence individual's risk to be targeted and survive attacks. Pike tended to stealthily approach the largest groups, and were often already inside the school when launching their attack, making prey in this frontal "strike zone" the most vulnerable to be targeted. From the prey's perspective, those fish in central locations, but relatively far from, and less aligned with, neighbours, were most likely to be targeted. While the majority of attacks (70%) were successful, targeted individuals that did manage to avoid capture exhibited a higher maximum acceleration response just before the attack and were further away from the pike's head. Our results highlight the crucial interplay between predators' attack strategy and response of prey in determining predation risk in mobile animal groups.

scholarly journals Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A W Brown ◽  
David R Wilson ◽  
Patrick Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Antipredator Behavior ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
Mesocosm Experiment ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Antipredator Responses

Abstract Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity, allowing them to adjust to varying conditions. The orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster endeca. The sea cucumber’s antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum, which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable environment. We hypothesized that sea cucumbers’ antipredator responses would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces, and that behavioral strategies would be flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water flows. In a natural orange-footed sea cucumber habitat, individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient, allowing us to measure antipredator behavior under different water flow strengths. We placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator responses. We then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field site. Subjects in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change, as would be experienced under deteriorating sea conditions. Antipredator responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the field. However, antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong forces. Overall, our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber.

Predator diet and prey adaptive responses: Can tadpoles distinguish between predators feeding on congeneric vs. conspecific prey?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Ferland-Raymond ◽  
Dennis L. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Predator Diet ◽  
Antipredator Responses ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Similar Risk

Predator diet can play an important role in facilitating detection of predation risk among prospective prey, and such detection should have adaptive significance in reducing mortality in environments where not all predators confer similar risk. In the laboratory, we tested behavioural and morphological responses of tadpoles from two congeneric frog species (bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802) and mink frog ( Rana septentrionalis Baird, 1854)) to cues from an odonate predator (genus Aeshna Fabricius, 1775). In a separate experiment we found that both frog species had similar baseline vulnerability to Aeshna predation, implying that species’ responses to predators feeding on conspecific vs. congeneric prey also would be similar. Both species reduced their activity in the presence of predators feeding on tadpoles of either species vs. those fed invertebrates (Libellulidae) or not subjected to predators (controls). Bullfrog tadpoles grew bigger than controls when exposed to predators fed mink frog tadpoles only, whereas mink frogs failed to show a comparable response. Neither species exhibited changes in shape that were attributable to predator diet. Our results suggest that closely related frog species do not distinguish between predators feeding on conspecific vs. congeneric prey, implying that selection favours generalized antipredator responses when prey species are subject to similar predation risk.

Different antipredator responses by Microcavia australis (Rodentia, Hystricognate, Caviidae) under predation risk

Behaviour ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Martínez ◽  
Ana Srur ◽  
Stella Giannoni ◽  
Paula Andrea Taraborelli ◽  
Ana Sandobal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Antipredator Responses
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