scholarly journals The responses of prey fish to temporal variation in predation risk: sensory habituation or risk assessment?

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. O. Ferrari ◽  
C. K. Elvidge ◽  
C. D. Jackson ◽  
D. P. Chivers ◽  
G. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Prey Fish

scholarly journals Sensory Ecology of Ostariophysan Alarm Substances

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Maximino ◽  
Rhayra Xavier do Carmo Silva ◽  
Kimberly dos Santos Campos ◽  
Jeiseane Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Sueslene Prado Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Alarm Substances ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Model Fish

Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with the conspecific alarm substance (CAS) contemporaneously being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish is captured by a predator, and elicits neurobehavioral adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviors, and disrupting the predator sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish, and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioral neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, minnows) on neurobehavioral research.

scholarly journals Sensory Ecology of Ostariophysan Alarm Substances

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Maximino ◽  
Rhayra Xavier do Carmo Silva ◽  
Kimberly dos Santos Campos ◽  
Jeiseane Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Sueslene Prado Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Alarm Substances ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Model Fish

Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with the conspecific alarm substance (CAS) contemporaneously being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish is captured by a predator, and elicits neurobehavioral adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviors, and disrupting the predator sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish, and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioral neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish (e.g., zebrafish, guppies, minnows) on neurobehavioral research.

Take only pictures, leave only… Cameras influence marmot vigilance but not perceptions of risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Uchida ◽  
Albert A. Burkle ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Zoom Lens ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Ecotourism promotes conservation efforts while also allowing for low impact observation of wildlife. Many ecotourists photograph wildlife and photography plays an important role in focusing the public’s attention on nature. Although photography is commonly believed to be a low impact activity, how the visual stimulus of a camera influences wildlife remains unknown. Since animals are known to fear eyes pointed towards them, we predicted that a camera with a large zoom lens would increase animal’s vigilance levels. Using yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) as a mammalian model, and adopting a behavioural approach to identify how marmots responded to cameras, we experimentally quantified vigilance and flight initiation distance towards humans when marmots were approached with and without a camera. While a camera was pointed at an individual, marmots allocated less time to searching predators and increased time to looking at the observer than they did without a camera. However, whether a camera was pointed at a marmot or not had no effect on the distance the marmot flushed. Our results indicated that cameras distracted marmots but did not influence subsequent risk assessment (i.e., flight initiation distance); marmots may be curious about cameras but were not threatened by them. Capturing animals’ attentions reduces searching for predators and may increase the vulnerability to predation. Therefore, regulating photography in locations where predation risk is high or vulnerable species ranges’ overlap with humans may be required to reduce photography’s impact on wildlife.

Light Levels Influence Female Choice in Túngara Frogs: Predation Risk Assessment?

Copeia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stanley Rand ◽  
Maria Elena Bridarolli ◽  
Laurie Dries ◽  
Michael J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Predation Risk Assessment ◽  
Tungara Frogs

scholarly journals Anthropogenic noise affects risk assessment and attention: the distracted prey hypothesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Aaden Yim-Hol Chan ◽  
Paulina Giraldo-Perez ◽  
Sonja Smith ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Playback Experiment ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Motor Noise ◽  
Predation Risk Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sounds

Many studies have focused on the effects of anthropogenic noise on animal communication, but only a few have looked at its effect on other behavioural systems. We designed a playback experiment to test the effect of noise on predation risk assessment. We found that in response to boat motor playback, Caribbean hermit crabs ( Coenobita clypeatus ) allowed a simulated predator to approach closer before they hid. Two hypotheses may explain how boat noise affected risk assessment: it masked an approaching predator's sound; and/or it reallocated some of the crabs' finite attention, effectively distracting them, and thus preventing them from responding to an approaching threat. We found no support for the first hypothesis: a silent looming object still got closer during boat motor playbacks than during silence. However, we found support for the attentional hypothesis: when we added flashing lights to the boat motor noise to further distract the hermit crabs, we were able to approach the crabs more closely than with the noise alone. Anthropogenic sounds may thus distract prey and make them more vulnerable to predation.

Temporal variation in habitat selection breaks the catch-22 of spatially contrasting predation risk from multiple predators

Oikos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lone ◽  
Atle Mysterud ◽  
Terje Gobakken ◽  
John Odden ◽  
John Linnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Multiple Predators ◽  
Catch 22
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