scholarly journals Combined effects of flow condition and parasitism on shoaling behaviour of female guppies Poecilia reticulata

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Hockley ◽  
C. A. M. E. Wilson ◽  
N. Graham ◽  
J. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Flow Condition ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

scholarly journals Implications of multiple mating for offspring relatedness and shoaling behaviour in juvenile guppies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Evans ◽  
Jennifer L Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

Polyandry (female multiple mating) can confer important benefits to females, but few studies have considered its potential costs. One such cost may arise through differences in the relatedness of offspring born to females with different mating histories; offspring born to monandrous females are always full siblings, while those produced by polyandrous females may be full or half siblings. These differences may have important consequences for social interactions among offspring. We used artificial insemination in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ), a promiscuous live-bearing fish, to evaluate shoaling behaviour in polyandrous and monandrous broods. We combined this information with known parentage data for the polyandrous broods to determine whether sibling relatedness influenced offspring shoaling behaviour. While we detected no effect of mating treatment (polyandry/monandry) on shoaling behaviour, we found that pairs of full siblings spent significantly more time shoaling (and in close proximity) than pairs of half siblings. This latter finding confirms the ability of newborn guppies to distinguish brood mates on the basis of kinship, but also suggests an important and hitherto unrealized potential cost of polyandry: a reduction in within-brood relatedness with potentially important implications for offspring social behaviour.

The influence of population mixing on newborn shoaling behaviour in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479-1490
Author(s):  
C. Sievers ◽  
I.W. Ramnarine ◽  
A.E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Population Mixing ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Hybrid Offspring ◽  
Subtle Effect ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

The introduction of non-native populations into new habitats where they can mix with the original inhabitants poses a major thread to the genetic distinctiveness of the native population. Interbreeding between introduced and native individuals can disrupt local adaptations and lead to outbreeding depression in resulting hybrid offspring. In the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), shoaling behaviour plays an important part in avoiding predators and is displayed from birth, but differences in shoaling tendency exist between populations. The populations used for our experiment reflect the ones involved in Haskins’ introduction more than 60 years ago, when Guanapo guppies where introduced into the Turure, thereby bringing genetically very distinct populations into secondary contact. This introduction led to an invasive event and subsequent disappearance of the original Turure genotype. Here we show that the mixing of genepools by interbreeding between populations affects adaptive behaviour such as shoaling and creates more variation in the resulting offspring. Furthermore, parental origin has a subtle effect on offspring shoaling behaviour. We found that the shoaling behaviour of hybrid offspring significantly differed from pure-bred offspring of either parental population, but resembled those found in Turure newborns that are likely to be of mixed ancestry as well.

Effect of isotocin on shoaling behaviour of the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Babak Ataei Mehr ◽  
Shawn R. Garner ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

scholarly journals Male sexual harassment alters female social behaviour towards other females

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safi K. Darden ◽  
Lauren Watts
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Male Harassment ◽  
Evolutionary Conflict ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Male harassment of females to gain mating opportunities is a consequence of an evolutionary conflict of interest between the sexes over reproduction and is common among sexually reproducing species. Male Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata spend a large proportion of their time harassing females for copulations and their presence in female social groups has been shown to disrupt female–female social networks and the propensity for females to develop social recognition based on familiarity. In this study, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms that may lead to this disruption of female sociality. Using two experiments, we test the hypothesis that male presence will directly affect social behaviours expressed by females towards other females in the population. In experiment one, we tested for an effect of male presence on female shoaling behaviour and found that, in the presence of a free-swimming male guppy, females spent shorter amounts of time with other females than when in the presence of a free-swimming female guppy. In experiment two, we tested for an effect of male presence on the incidence of aggressive behaviour among female guppies. When males were present in a shoal, females exhibited increased levels of overall aggression towards other females compared with female only shoals. Our work provides direct evidence that the presence of sexually harassing males alters female–female social behaviour, an effect that we expect will be recurrent across taxonomic groups.

Use of the Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) and Guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) in Carcinogenesis Testing Under National Toxicology Program Protocols

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Hawkins ◽  
William W. Walker ◽  
John W. Fournie ◽  
C. Steve Manning ◽  
Rena M. Krol
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Japanese Medaka ◽  
National Toxicology Program

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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