High bifurcation of common carotid artery, anomalous origin of ascending pharyngeal artery and anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery

AbstractDevelopmental anomalies in the origin and branching pattern of the external carotid artery are not common. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and also the variations in the origin/branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well known and documented. During a routine dissection of middle aged male cadaver in department of Anatomy in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) The clinically-relevant variations to be noted were the high origin and anomalous course of the facial artery, superior thyroid artery arising as a branch of Common Carotid artery, high origin of ascending pharyngeal artery, posterior auricular artery and direct glandular branches to the Submandibular gland. Such anatomical variations of external carotid artery are important for surgeons in surgeries of head and neck region and also for radiologists in the image interpretation of the face and neck region.

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VARIATION IN ORIGIN OF SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY AND ITS CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A CASE REPORT

10.36106/ijsr/4807349 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Chetan Sahni ◽

Shivshanker S

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Superior Thyroid Artery ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Arterial Variations ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

Iatrogenic Damage ◽

Unusual Origin

Thyroid surgeries are most common neck surgeries; hence thorough knowledge of the variations in blood supply of this gland to the surgeons is very important to prevent any alarming hemorrhage or iatrogenic damage. We found a variation in origin of superior thyroid artery on right side during routine dissection on an adult male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, A.I.I.M.S, NewDelhi. Left superior thyroid artery was normal. Right side, superior thyroid artery was arising from common carotid artery instead of external carotid artery, just proximal to the bifurcation of common carotid artery. This variant branching pattern of superior thyroid artery is very rare. The inferior thyroid arteries did not show any unusual origin. Knowledge of such arterial variations related to the thyroid gland is immensely helpful to the surgeons to avoid damage of the vital organs in this region.

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Magnetic resonance angiographic study of the variations in the branching pattern of external carotid artery

Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology ◽

10.18231/j.ijcap.2021.041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 175-178

Author(s):

Rohita Salam ◽

Sheela Sivan

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Lateral Side ◽

Occipital Artery ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery ◽

Medial Side

Knowledge of anatomy of the branching pattern of external carotid artery (ECA) is needed for head and neck surgeries and diagnostic purposes. Previously knowledge regarding this was obtained from dissecting specimens. But with magnetic resonance angiograms being done widely, data from these may be taken for a better understanding of the branching pattern of ECA. To study the branching pattern of external carotid artery using MR angiograms taken for other purposes. A cross-sectional study was carried out in our institution, which is a tertiary care centre, between September 2013 and September 2015 in which we studied the MR angiograms of 50 patients. Out of the 50 MR angiograms studied, variations were seen in 5 cases. In two cases, the ascending pharyngeal artery was seen to arise from the lateral side instead of the medial side on the left side. In another two, the ascending pharyngeal artery was seen to arise from the occipital artery on the left side. In one case the superior laryngeal artery arose from the external carotid artery. MR angiogram taken for other purposes is an inexpensive, ionizing radiation free method which can be used to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery.

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Trifurcation of the right common carotid artery

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1699237 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (01) ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

R. Chitra

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Lateral Position ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Occipital Artery ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

ABSTRACTVariations in the position of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the origin or branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well known and documented. Here, we report the trifurcation of the right common carotid artery in a male cadaver aged about 55 years. The right common carotid artery was found to divide into the external and internal carotids and the occipital artery. High division of bilateral common carotid arteries and a lateral position of the right external carotid artery at its origin were also observed in the same cadaver. There were two ascending pharyngeal arteries on the right side - one from the occipital artery and another from the internal carotid artery. The intraarterial approach is one of the most important routes for the administration of anticancer drugs for head and neck cancers. A profound knowledge of the anatomical characteristics and variations of the carotid artery such as its branching pattern and its position is essential to avoid complications with catheter insertion.

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ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF OCCIPITOAURICULAR TRUNK FROM EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY. Origen anomalo del tronco occipito-auricular de la arteria carotida externa

Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica ◽

10.31051/1852.8023.v3.n2.13927 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

Prakash B Billakanti

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Present Finding ◽

Image Interpretation ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

The Face ◽

The Common

Las anomalías en el origen y patrón de ramificación de la arteria carótida externa (ACE) son comunes. El nivel de la bifurcación de la arteria carótida común (ACC) y las variaciones en el origen / patrón de ramificación de la arteria carótida externa están bien documentados. En el hallazgo de las arterias occipitales y posteriores surgían de un corto tronco común de la ACE en el lado izquierdo. El conocimiento de las variaciones en el origen y curso de las ramas de la ACE son de suma importancia en la cirugía. Los cirujanos deben ser conscientes de la posibilidad de encontrar estas variaciones, ya que pueden conducir a dificultades en la distinción de las ramas de la arteria carótida externa. Este conocimiento es también importante para los radiólogos en la interpretación de las imágenes de las regiones de la cara y el cuello. Anomalies in the origin and branching pattern of the external carotid artery (ECA) are common. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the variations in the origin/branching pattern of the external carotid artery are well documented. In the present finding occipital and posterior auricular arteries were arising by a short common trunk from ECA on the left side. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of branches of ECA is of importance in surgery. Surgeons need to be aware of the possibility of encountering such variations, as they may lead to difficulties in differentiating the branches of external carotid artery. This knowledge is also important for radiologists in the image interpretation of the face and neck regions.

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Significance of level of bifurcation of common carotid artery and variant branches of external carotid artery in cervicofacial surgeries with ontological explanation: a cadaveric study

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20194424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 3681

Author(s):

Preeti Sonje ◽

Neelesh Kanasker ◽

P. Vatsalaswamy

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Thyroid Cartilage ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

Facial Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Lingual Artery ◽

Superior Thyroid Artery ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern

Background: External carotid artery is the main artery supplying the structures of neck and face. Variability in the branching pattern of external carotid artery is important surgically and radiologically from the point of view of procedures carried out in that region. Purpose of the present study was to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery.Methods: Carotid triangle of the neck and the infratemporal fossa was dissected for studying the external carotid artery.Results: Generally the common carotid artery bifurcates at the level of upper border of lamina of thyroid cartilage. Level of bifurcation of common carotid artery may vary; it may arise at a lower level or at a higher level than its normal level of origin, which was observed in this study. Amongst the branches of external carotid artery like the superior thyroid artery, the facial artery, the lingual artery usually shows variations in their origin. These include origin of superior thyroid artery from common carotid artery, common trunk for facial and lingual arteries and many other different types of variations were seen in this study.Conclusions: Variant origins of the branches of external carotid artery are of significance in surgeries of thyroid, parotid gland, tongue as well as important in diagnostic procedures of head, neck, face region.

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Retrograde Internal Carotid Artery Systolic Flow and a Patent External Carotid Artery Diagnosed by Duplex Scanning in a Patient with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion and Ipsilateral Subclavian Steal

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/875647939100700306 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 147-153

Author(s):

J. Bradley Griffin ◽

Keith Mauney ◽

Annette Bates ◽

Ronald R. Eikenhorst

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

Duplex Scanning ◽

External Carotid ◽

Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

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Common carotid artery ligation at the proximal side before rupture in patients with ligation or occlusion of the external carotid artery at risk of carotid blowout syndrome

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1093/jjco/hyz075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 839-844

Author(s):

Fumihiko Matsumoto ◽

Satoko Matsumura ◽

Taisuke Mori ◽

Ayaka Mori ◽

Go Omura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Common Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid Artery ◽

External Carotid ◽

Artery Ligation ◽

Bleeding Point ◽

Carotid Blowout Syndrome ◽

Proximal Side ◽

Carotid Artery Ligation

CCA ligation at the proximal side of the bleeding point under local anesthesia and before rupture is a treatment option for patients at high risk of CBS.

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