artery ligation
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Mercado ◽  
Qiuye Cheng ◽  
Daniel Liu ◽  
Ken Loi

Author(s):  
Abir Karoui ◽  
Fatma Zahra Affes ◽  
Hatem Frikha ◽  
Mohamed Badis Chanoufi ◽  
Hassine Saber Abouda

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zeng ◽  
Yao Yi ◽  
Hong-Fei Su ◽  
Chao-Yuan Ye ◽  
Yi-Wen Sun ◽  
...  

Presently, the treatment options for ischemic stroke (IS) are limited due to the complicated pathological process of the disease. Chuanxiong Rhizome (CR), also known as Conioselinum anthriscoides “Chuanxiong” (rhizome), is the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating stroke. This study aimed to uncover the key phytochemicals and biological functions of CR against IS through a network pharmacology approach combining with IS pathophysiology analysis. We employed permanent unilateral common carotid artery ligation to construct a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia and found that cerebral ischemia injuries were improved after 7 days of gavage treatment of CR (1,300 mg/kg/day). CR exerts protective effects on neurons mainly by acting on targets related to synaptic structure, synaptic function, neuronal survival and neuronal growth. A total of 18 phytochemicals from CR based on UHPLC-MS/MS that corresponded to 85 anti-IS targets. Coniferyl ferulate, neocnidilide and ferulic acid were identified as the key phytochemicals of CR against IS. Its brain protective effects involve anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-cell death activities and improves blood circulation. Additionally, the two most important synergistic effects of CR phytochemicals in treating IS are prevention of infection and regulation of blood pressure. In brain samples of Sham mice, L-tryptophan and vanillin were detected, while L-tryptophan, gallic acid, vanillin and cryptochlorogenic acid were detected in IS mice by UHPLC–MS/MS. Our findings provide a pathophysiology relevant pharmacological basis for further researches on IS therapeutic drugs.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Kristin Klaeske ◽  
Maria Dix ◽  
Volker Adams ◽  
Khalil Jawad ◽  
Sandra Eifert ◽  
...  

The pathological changes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination following myocardial infarction (MI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) have been sparsely examined. We investigated the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in MI and CHF. Therefore, mice were assigned to coronary artery ligation for 3 days or 10 weeks as well as for sham operation (each n = 10). Expression of E3 ligases (MAFBX, MURF1, CHIP, ITCH, MDM2) and deubiquitinases (A20, CYLD, UCH-L1, USP14, USP19) was determined. After MI and in CHF, the mRNA expression of MURF1, CHIP and MDM2 (all p < 0.05) was decreased. Protein expression analyses revealed that ITCH expression decreased in CHF (p = 0.01), whereas MDM2 expression increased in MI (p = 0.02) and decreased in CHF (p = 0.02). Except for USP19 mRNA expression that decreased at 3 days and 10 weeks (both p < 0.01), the expression of other deubiquitinases remained unaffected after MI and CHF. The expression of myocardial E3 ligases is differentially regulated following MI, raising the question of whether an upstream regulation exists that is activated by MI for tissue protection or whether the downregulation of E3 ligases enables myocardial hypertrophy following MI.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Cheng ◽  
Xinghua Wang ◽  
Hongda Chou ◽  
Tong Liu ◽  
Huaying Fu ◽  
...  

The stellate ganglion (SG) of the autonomic nervous system plays important role in cardiovascular diseases (CDs). Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with sustained increasing cardiac sympathetic nerve activity. Expressions and functions of proteins in SG tissue after MI are remaining unclear. This study is to explore the expression characteristics of proteins in SGs associated with MI. Japanese big-ear white rabbits (n = 22) were randomly assigned to the control group and MI group. The MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and confirmed by serum myocardial enzymes increasing 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining and echocardiography. The expressions of proteins in rabbit SGs after MI were detected using tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomic sequencing. There were 3,043 credible proteins were predicted in rabbit SG tissues and 383 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) including 143 upregulated and 240 downregulated proteins. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEPs involved in adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, and other biological processes. Three kinds of proteins directly correlated to CDs were selected to be validated by the subsequent western blot experiment. This study first identified the characterization of proteins in rabbit SG after MI, which laid a solid foundation for revealing the mechanism of roles of SG on the MI process.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. Gundersen ◽  
David A. Menassa ◽  
Thomas R. Wood ◽  
Lars Walløe ◽  
Marianne Thoresen

We study the effect of hypothermia (HT) following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in postnatal day 7 (P7) rats. In 2015, new European Union animal transport regulations prompted a change in practice at the breeding facility, which henceforth crossfostered P3 litters to P8 older lactating dam prior to transportation. It is generally assumed that crossfostering does not significantly affect the experimental results. The aim of this study was to examine whether crossfostering affects our model consistency by modifying injury susceptibility and hypothermic neuroprotection. We analysed 219 pups (56 litters) from 11 experiments conducted between 2013 and 2015: 73 non-crossfostered and 146 crossfostered pups. At P7, all pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 50min of hypoxia (8% O2, 36°C). Immediately after this mild insult, the pups were randomised to post-insult normothermia (NT) or HT treatment. Pups were culled at P14. Injury was assessed by area loss of the ipsilateral hemisphere and histopathology scoring of hippocampus, cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Crossfostered pups had double the injury compared to non-crossfostered pups irrespective of treatment group. Hypothermic neuroprotection was statistically significant, but with a smaller and less consistent effect in crossfostered pups (relative neuroprotection 16% vs. 31% in non-crossfostered). These results demonstrate hypothermic neuroprotection following a mild HI insult. A representative subset of 41 animals were also assessed for evidence of microglial reactivity, however no detectable difference in microglial reactivity was observed between any of the groups. In conclusion, crossfostering alters outcomes in our established model through reduced insult tolerance and variable neuroprotection. Crossfostering as a common breeding practice is a largely unexplored variable in animal research that may result in invalid research conclusions if inadequately adjusted for by larger group sizes. As a result, crossfostering is likely to be inconsistent with the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261235
Author(s):  
Yuki Oichi ◽  
Yohei Mineharu ◽  
Yuji Agawa ◽  
Takaaki Morimoto ◽  
Takeshi Funaki ◽  
...  

Background and objective It has long been believed that the bony carotid canal has no plasticity and that a small canal represents a hypoplastic internal carotid artery. We aimed to show whether the carotid canal can narrow according to morphological changes in the internal carotid artery. Materials and methods The carotid canal diameter was longitudinally measured in seven individuals who underwent carotid artery ligation. As moyamoya disease is known to be associated with negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery, the carotid canal diameter was measured in 106 patients with moyamoya disease, and an association with the outer diameter of the internal carotid artery or a correlation with the disease stage was investigated. The carotid canal was measured by computed tomography (106 patients), and the outer diameter of the artery was measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (63 patients). The carotid canal area was calculated by the product of the maximum axial diameter and its perpendicular diameter. Results All seven patients who underwent carotid artery ligation showed narrowing of the carotid canal, and the carotid canal area decreased by 12.2%–28.9% during a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. In patients with moyamoya disease, the carotid canal area showed a linear correlation with the outer area of the internal carotid artery (r = 0.657, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease stage (ρ = −0.283, p < 0.001). Conclusion The bony carotid canal has plasticity, and its area reflects the outer area of the internal carotid artery, therefore, it can be used to assess the remodeling of the carotid artery. A narrow carotid canal may not necessarily indicate hypoplastic internal carotid artery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Higashijima ◽  
Toru Kono ◽  
Mitsuo Shimada ◽  
Ayumu Sugitani ◽  
Hideya Kashihara ◽  
...  

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after colorectal surgery is associated with insufficient vascular perfusion of the anastomotic ends. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high vs. low ligation of the ileocolic artery and inferior mesenteric artery, respectively, on the vascular perfusion of the bowel stumps during ileocecal resection (ICR) and anterior rectal resection (AR).Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent ICR or AR between 2016 and 2020. Real-time indocyanine green fluorescence angiography was performed to measure the fluorescence time (FT) as a marker of the blood flow in the proximal and distal stumps before anastomosis.Results: Thirty-four patients with lower right-sided colon cancer underwent laparoscopic ICR. Forty-one patients with rectosigmoid colon or rectal cancer underwent robotic high AR (HAR) (n = 8), robotic low AR (LAR) (n = 6), laparoscopic HAR (n = 8), or laparoscopic LAR (n = 19). The FT was similar in the ileal and ascending colon stumps (p = 1.000) and did not differ significantly between high vs. low ligation of the ileocolic artery (p = 0.934). The FT was similar in the sigmoid colon and rectal stumps (p = 0.642), but high inferior mesenteric artery ligation significantly prolonged FT in the sigmoid colon during AR compared with low ligation (p = 0.004), indicating that the high ligation approach caused significant hypoperfusion compared with low ligation. The AL rate was similar after low vs. high ligation.Conclusions: Low vascular perfusion of the bowel stumps may not be an absolute risk factor for AL. High inferior mesenteric artery ligation could induce sigmoid colon stump hypoperfusion during anterior rectal resection.


Author(s):  
Mathura Prasad Agrawal ◽  
Anurag Pateriya ◽  
Surendra Kumar Samar

Background: One of the commonest complaints presenting in the surgical out patient department (OPD) is haemorrhoids. Commonest types of haemorrhoids are grade II and III. There is a wide number of modalities that can be adopted for their management. It depends on the skill of the surgeon and preferences of the patient. The present study was designed to ascertain if two modalities of artery ligation and band ligation are comparatively equal or not in managing symptomatic grade II and III haemorrhoids in Rajasthan.Methods: The study comprised of 100 subjects who were randomly divided in two groups based on the procedure to be followed. The subjects were told about the study and its objective.Results: The observations reported that among the selected study population there were more relapses in band ligation as compared to artery ligation.Conclusions: This led to the conclusion that despite its painful and traumatic methodology, haemorrhoid artery ligation still provides a better outcome.


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