Does the motor branch of the long head of the triceps brachii arise from the radial nerve?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-P. de Sèze ◽  
J. Rezzouk ◽  
M. de Sèze ◽  
M. Uzel ◽  
B. Lavignolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Motor Branch ◽  
Long Head

AXILLARY NERVE SUPPLYING MOTOR BRANCH TO LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Giridhar Dasegowda ◽  
Seema Shimoga Rangappa
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Motor Branch ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Triceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Long Head

All three heads of the triceps brachii are classically described as being innervated by the radial nerve in the textbooks. Some clinical observations of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve with associated paralysis of the long head of triceps and cadaveric studies have suggested that the axillary nerve may innervate the long head of triceps. During routine dissection to undergraduate M.B.B.S students, we found axillary nerve giving a motor branch to long head of triceps brachii on right side, in an adult male cadaver aged about 60 years. We conducted extensive literature search to analyse the previous studies reporting such variations and the studies conducted on the radial nerve or triceps brachii innervation pattern. This variation is clinically important for surgeons, orthopedicians and anaesthetist while performing surgeries and pain management therapies on the upper limb.

Triceps Motor Nerve Branches as a Donor or Receiver in Nerve Transfers

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONS333-ONS339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme A. Bertelli ◽  
Marcos A. Santos ◽  
Paulo R. Kechele ◽  
Marcos F. Ghizoni ◽  
Hamilton Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Motor Branch ◽  
Medial Head ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Axillary Region ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Lateral Head

AbstractObjective:The pattern of triceps innervation is complex and, as yet, has not been fully elucidated. The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify the anatomy of the triceps motor branches, and 2) to evaluate their possible uses as a donor or receiver for nerve transfer.Methods:The radial nerve and its motor and cutaneous branches were bilaterally dissected from the axilla and posterior arm regions of 10 embalmed cadavers.Results:A single branch innervates the triceps long head, whereas double innervation was identified for the lateral and medial heads. The upper branch to the lateral head originated from the radial nerve, whereas the lower branch to the lateral head stemmed from the lower medial head motor branch, which ultimately innervated the anconeus muscle. Both the long head and the upper medial head motor branches originated in the axillary region in the vicinity of the latissimus dorsi tendon.Conclusion:Each of the triceps’ motor branches might be used as a donor for transfer. The triceps long head motor branch should be used preferentially when the intention is to establish triceps reinnervation.

Reanimation of elbow extension with medial pectoral nerve transfer in partial injuries to the brachial plexus

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pretto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Medial Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Long Head

Object Recent advancements in operative treatment of the brachial plexus authorized more extensive repairs and, currently, elbow extension can be included in the rank of desirable functions to be restored. This study aims to describe the author's experience in using the medial pectoral nerve for reinnervation of the triceps brachii in patients sustaining C5–7 palsies of the brachial plexus. Methods This is a retrospective study of the outcomes regarding recovery of elbow extension in 12 patients who underwent transfer of the medial pectoral nerve to the radial nerve or to the branch of the long head of the triceps. Results The radial nerve was targeted in 3 patients, and the branch to the long head of the triceps was targeted in 9. Grafts were used in 6 patients. Outcomes assessed as Medical Research Council Grades M4 and M3 for elbow extension were noted in 7 (58%) and 5 (42%) patients, respectively. Conclusions The medial pectoral nerve is a reliable donor for elbow extension recovery in patients who have sustained C5–7 nerve root injuries.

scholarly journals Spinal accessory nerve to triceps muscle transfer using long autologous nerve grafts for recovery of elbow extension in traumatic brachial plexus injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte F. Bulstra ◽  
Nadia Rbia ◽  
Michelle F. Kircher ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Allen T. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Spinal Accessory Nerve ◽  
Accessory Nerve ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Motor Branch ◽  
Spinal Accessory ◽  
Triceps Muscle ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Grade 3

OBJECTIVEReconstructive options for brachial plexus lesions continue to expand and improve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and quality of restored elbow extension in patients with brachial plexus injuries who underwent transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the motor branch of the radial nerve to the long head of the triceps muscle with an intervening autologous nerve graft and to identify patient and injury factors that influence functional triceps outcome.METHODSA total of 42 patients were included in this retrospective review. All patients underwent transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the motor branch of the radial nerve to the long head of the triceps muscle as part of their reconstruction plan after brachial plexus injury. The primary outcome was elbow extension strength according to the modified Medical Research Council muscle grading scale, and signs of triceps muscle recovery were recorded using electromyography.RESULTSWhen evaluating the entire study population (follow-up range 12–45 months, mean 24.3 months), 52.4% of patients achieved meaningful recovery. More specifically, 45.2% reached Grade 0 or 1 recovery, 19.1% obtained Grade 2, and 35.7% improved to Grade 3 or better. The presence of a vascular injury impaired functional outcome. In the subgroup with a minimum follow-up of 20 months (n = 26), meaningful recovery was obtained by 69.5%. In this subgroup, 7.7% had no recovery (Grade 0), 19.2% had recovery to Grade 1, and 23.1% had recovery to Grade 2. Grade 3 or better was reached by 50% of patients, of whom 34.5% obtained Grade 4 elbow extension.CONCLUSIONSTransfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the radial nerve branch to the long head of the triceps muscle with an interposition nerve graft is an adequate option for restoration of elbow extension, despite the relatively long time required for reinnervation. The presence of vascular injury impairs functional recovery of the triceps muscle, and the use of shorter nerve grafts is recommended when and if possible.

Transfer of a Motor Fascicle From the Ulnar Nerve to the Branch of the Radial Nerve Destined to the Long Head of the Triceps for Restoration of Elbow Extension in Brachial Plexus Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. E516-E520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Pretto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Brachial Plexus Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Restoration of elbow extension has not been considered of much importance regarding functional outcomes in brachial plexus surgery; however, the flexion of the elbow joint is only fully effective if the motion can be stabilized, what can be achieved solely if the triceps brachii is coactivated. To present a novel nerve transfer of a healthy motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve to the nerve of the long head of the triceps to restore the elbow extension function in brachial plexus injuries involving the upper and middle trunks. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Case 1 is a 32-year-old man sustaining a right brachial extended upper plexus injury in a motorcycle accident 5 months before admission. The computed tomography myelogram demonstrated avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots. Case 2 is a 24-year-old man who sustained a C5-C7 injury to the left brachial plexus in a traffic accident 4 months before admission. Computed tomography myelogram demonstrated signs of C6 and C7 root avulsion. The technique included an incision at the medial border of the biceps, in the proximal third of the involved arm, followed by identification of the ulnar nerve, the radial nerve, and the branch to the long head of the triceps. The proximal stump of a motor fascicle from the ulnar nerve was sutured directly to the distal stump of the nerve of the long head of the triceps. Techniques to restore elbow flexion and shoulder abduction were applied in both cases. Triceps strength Medical Research Council M4 grade was obtained in both cases. CONCLUSION: The attempted nerve transfer was effective for restoration of elbow extension in primary brachial plexus surgery; however, it should be selected only for cases in which other reliable donor nerves were used to restore elbow flexion.

scholarly journals Differential muscle function between muscle synergists: long and lateral heads of the triceps in jumping and landing goats (Capra hircus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Carroll ◽  
David V. Lee ◽  
Andrew A. Biewener
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Lateral Head

We investigate how the biarticular long head and monoarticular lateral head of the triceps brachii function in goats ( Capra hircus) during jumping and landing. Elbow moment and work were measured from high-speed video and ground reaction force (GRF) recordings. Muscle activation and strain were measured via electromyography and sonomicrometry, and muscle stress was estimated from elbow moment and by partitioning stress based on its relative strain rate. Elbow joint and muscle function were compared among three types of limb usage: jump take-off (lead limb), the step prior to jump take-off (lag limb), and landing. We predicted that the strain and work patterns in the monoarticular lateral head would follow the kinematics and work of the elbow more closely than would those of the biarticular long head. In general this prediction was supported. For instance, the lateral head stretched (5 ± 2%; mean ± SE) in the lead and lag limbs to absorb work during elbow flexion and joint work absorption, while the long head shortened (−7 ± 1%) to produce work. During elbow extension, both muscles shortened by similar amounts (−10 ± 2% long; −13 ± 4% lateral) in the lead limb to produce work. Both triceps heads functioned similarly in landing, stretching (13 ± 3% in the long head and 19 ± 5% in the lateral) to absorb energy. In general, the long head functioned to produce power at the shoulder and elbow, while the lateral head functioned to resist elbow flexion and absorb work, demonstrating that functional diversification can arise between mono- and biarticular muscle agonists operating at the same joint.

scholarly journals Influence of Exercise Order on Electromyographic Activity During Upper Body Resistance Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Soncin ◽  
Juliana Pennone ◽  
Thiago M. Guimarães ◽  
Bruno Mezêncio ◽  
Alberto C. Amadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Anterior Deltoid ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Long Head

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise order on electromyographic activity in different muscle groups among youth men with experience in strength training. Three sets of 8 RM were performed of each exercise in two sequences order: (a) sequence A: bench press, chest fly, shoulder press, shoulder abduction, close grip bench press and lying triceps extension; (b) sequence B: the opposite order. The electromyographic activity was analyzed in the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii, normalized for maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The muscles activity of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii showed significant interaction between sequence and exercise. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major showed considerably higher activity in sequence A (100.13 ± 13.56%) than sequence B (81.47 ± 13.09%) for the chest fly. The anterior deltoid showed significantly higher electromyographic activity in sequence B (86.81 ± 40.43%) than sequence A (66.15 ± 22.02%) for the chest fly, whereas for the lying triceps extension, the electromyographic activity was significantly higher in sequence A (53.89 ± 27.09%) than sequence B (34.32 ± 23.70%). For the long head triceps brachii, only the shoulder press showed differences between sequences (A = 52.43 ± 14.64 vs. B = 38.53 ± 16.26). The present study showed that the exercise order could modify the training results even though there was no alteration in volume and intensity of the exercise. These changes may result in different training adaptations.

Intra- and Intersession Reliability of Surface Electromyography on Muscles Actuating the Forearm During Maximum Voluntary Contractions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Gaudet ◽  
Maxime Raison ◽  
Fabien Dal Maso ◽  
Sofiane Achiche ◽  
Mickael Begon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Pronator Quadratus ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Long Head ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

The aim of this study is to determine the intra- and intersession reliability of nonnormalized surface electromyography (sEMG) on the muscles actuating the forearm during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC). A subobjective of this study is to determine the intra- and intersession reliability of forearm MVIC force or torque, which is a prerequisite to assess sEMG reliability. Eighteen healthy adults participated at 4 different times: baseline, 1-h post, 6-h post, and 24-h post. They performed 3 MVIC trials of forearm flexion, extension, pronation, and supination. sEMG of the biceps brachii short head, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii long head, pronator teres, and pronator quadratus were measured. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) on MVIC ranged from 0.36 to 0.99. Reliability was excellent for flexion, extension, and supination MVIC for both intra- and intersession. The ICC on sEMG ranged from 0.58 to 0.99. sEMG reliability was excellent for brachialis, brachioradialis, and pronator quadratus, and good to excellent for triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and pronator teres. This study shows that performing 3 MVICs is sufficient to obtain highly reliable maximal sEMG over 24 h for the main muscles actuating the forearm. These results confirm the potential of sEMG for muscle motor functional monitoring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document