triceps brachii
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

608
(FIVE YEARS 153)

H-INDEX

38
(FIVE YEARS 3)

2022 ◽  
pp. 026921552110721
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Jiang ◽  
Dai Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Hong Hai ◽  
Ying-Yu Zhao ◽  
...  

Objectives Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) is a non-invasive method that activates peripheral nerves and enhances muscle strength. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rPMS applied in early subacute stroke on severe upper extremity impairment. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Rehabilitation department of a university hospital. Subjects People aged 30–80 years with no practical arm function within four weeks of a first stroke. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to either the rPMS group ( n = 24, 20Hz and 2400 pulses of rPMS to triceps brachii and extensor digitorum muscles daily for two weeks in addition to conventional physiotherapy) or the control group ( n = 20, conventional physiotherapy). Main measures The primary outcome was the upper extremity motor section of Fugl-Meyer Assessment after treatment. Secondary outcomes included Barthel Index and root mean square of surface electromyography for muscle strength and stretch-induced spasticity of critical muscles of the upper extremity. Data presented: mean (SD) or median (IQR). Results The rPMS group showed more significant improvements in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (12.5 (2.5) vs. 7.0 (1.4), P < 0.001), Barthel Index (15 (5) vs. 10 (3.7), P < 0.001), and strength-root mean square (biceps brachii: 20.5 (4.8) vs. 6.2 (2.7), p < 0.001; triceps brachii: 14.9 (5.8) vs. 4.3 (1.2), p < 0.001; flexor digitorum: 5.1 (0.8) vs. 4.0 (1.1), p < 0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusion In patients with no functional arm movement, rPMS of upper limb extensors improves arm function and muscle strength for grip and elbow flexion and extension.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8175
Author(s):  
Pawel Kiper ◽  
Daniele Rimini ◽  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Alfonc Baba ◽  
Sebastian Rutkowski ◽  
...  

It remains unknown whether variation of scores on the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength is associated with operator-independent techniques: dynamometry and surface electromyography (sEMG). This study aimed to evaluate whether the scores of the MRC strength scale are associated with instrumented measures of torque and muscle activity in post-stroke survivors with severe hemiparesis both before and after an intervention. Patients affected by a first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 6 months before enrollment and with complete paresis were included in the study. The pre- and post-treatment assessments included the MRC strength scale, sEMG, and dynamometry assessment of the triceps brachii (TB) and biceps brachii (BB) as measures of maximal elbow extension and flexion torque, respectively. Proprioceptive-based training was used as a treatment model, which consisted of multidirectional exercises with verbal feedback. Each treatment session lasted 1 h/day, 5 days a week for a total 15 sessions. Nineteen individuals with stroke participated in the study. A significant correlation between outcome measures for the BB (MRC and sEMG p = 0.0177, ρ = 0.601; MRC and torque p = 0.0001, ρ = 0.867) and TB (MRC and sEMG p = 0.0026, ρ = 0.717; MRC and torque p = 0.0001, ρ = 0.873) were observed post intervention. Regression models revealed a relationship between the MRC score and sEMG and torque measures for both the TB and BB. The results confirmed that variation on the MRC strength scale is associated with variation in sEMG and torque measures, especially post intervention. The regression model showed a causal relationship between MRC scale scores, sEMG, and torque assessments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Kusznir Vitturi ◽  
Marina Grandis ◽  
Sabrina Beltramini ◽  
Andrea Orsi ◽  
Angelo Schenone ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Parsonage–Turner syndrome is an acute peripheral neuropathy that affects the upper brachial plexus region. Previously published reports demonstrate that the condition can be triggered by surgery, infection, autoimmune diseases, strenuous exercise, trauma, radiation, and vaccination. Parsonage–Turner syndrome has already been reported in three other patients who were vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019. Case presentation We report the case of a 51-year-old Caucasian man without comorbidities who received the first dose of the ChAdOx1-S recombinant vaccine (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca, Oxford, UK) against coronavirus disease 2019 and was diagnosed with Parsonage–Turner syndrome. A few days after getting vaccinated, the patient reported a progressive increase in pain in the region of vaccine administration. One month later, the shoulder pain was followed by symptoms of hypoesthesia and muscle weakness on abduction and elevation of the left upper limb. Neurological examination revealed an atrophy of the proximal muscles of the left upper limb, accompanied by paresis of the left deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and infraspinatus muscles. Electroneuromyography carried out 3 months after the onset of symptoms showed signs consistent with brachial plexus neuritis. The adverse reaction has been properly reported to the Italian Pharmacovigilance System (Italian Medicines Agency—Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco. Conclusion The increased awareness of such association is essential for early identification and diagnosis and, thus, better clinical outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart van Trigt ◽  
Eva Galjee ◽  
Marco J. M. Hoozemans ◽  
Frans C. T. van der Helm ◽  
DirkJan H. E. J. Veeger

Background: Baseball pitching is associated with a high prevalence of ulnar collateral ligament injuries, potentially due to the high external valgus load on the medial side of the elbow at the instant of maximal shoulder external rotation (MER). In-vitro studies show that external valgus torque is resisted by the ulnar collateral ligament but could also be compensated by elbow muscles. As the potential active contribution of these muscles in counteracting external valgus load during baseball pitching is unknown, the aim of this study is to determine whether and to what extent the elbow muscles are active at and around MER during a fastball pitch in baseball.Methods: Eleven uninjured pitchers threw 15 fastball pitches. Surface electromyography of six muscles crossing the elbow were measured at 2000 Hz. Electromyography signals were normalized to maximal activity values. Co-contraction index (CCI) was calculated between two pairs of the flexor and extensor elbow muscles. Confidence intervals were calculated at the instant of MER. Four ranges of muscle activity were considered; 0–20% was considered low; 21–40% moderate; 41–60% high and over 60% as very high. To determine MER, the pitching motion was captured with a highspeed camera at 240 Hz.Results: The flexor pronator mass, pronator teres, triceps brachii, biceps brachii, extensor supinator mass and anconeus show moderate activity at MER. Considerable variation between participants was found in all muscles. The CCI revealed co-contraction of the two flexor-extensor muscle pairs at MER.Interpretation: The muscle activation of the flexor and pronator muscles at MER indicates a direct contribution of forearm muscles crossing the medial side of the elbow in counteracting the external valgus load during fastball pitching. The activation of both flexor and extensor muscles indicates an in-direct contributory effect as the combined activity of these muscles counteract opening of the humeroulnar joint space. We believe that active muscular contributions counteracting the elbow valgus torque can be presumed to relieve the ulnar collateral ligament from maximal stress and are thus of importance in injury risk assessment in fastball pitching in baseball.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna L. Chang ◽  
Ashley N. Coggins ◽  
Maira Saul ◽  
Alexandra Paget-Blanc ◽  
Malgorzata Straka ◽  
...  

Implanted vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) delivered concurrently with upper limb rehabilitation has been shown to improve arm function after stroke. Transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) offers a non-invasive alternative to implanted VNS and may provide similar therapeutic benefit. There is much discussion about the optimal approach for combining VNS and physical therapy, as such we sought to determine whether taVNS administered during robotic training, specifically delivered during the premotor planning stage for arm extension movements, would confer additional motor improvement in patients with chronic stroke. Thirty-six patients with chronic, moderate-severe upper limb hemiparesis (&gt;6 months; mean Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer score = 25 ± 2, range 13–48), were randomized to receive 9 sessions (1 h in length, 3x/week for 3 weeks) of active (N = 18) or sham (N = 18) taVNS (500 ms bursts, frequency 30 Hz, pulse width 0.3 ms, max intensity 5 mA, ∼250 stimulated movements per session) delivered during robotic training. taVNS was triggered by the onset of a visual cue prior to center-out arm extension movements. Clinical assessments and surface electromyography (sEMG) measures of the biceps and triceps brachii were collected during separate test sessions. Significant motor improvements were measured for both the active and sham taVNS groups, and these improvements were robust at 3 month follow-up. Compared to the sham group, the active taVNS group showed a significant reduction in spasticity of the wrist and hand at discharge (Modified Tardieu Scale; taVNS = –8.94% vs. sham = + 2.97%, p &lt; 0.05). The EMG results also demonstrated significantly increased variance for the bicep peak sEMG amplitude during extension for the active taVNS group compared to the sham group at discharge (active = 26.29% MVC ± 3.89, sham = 10.63% MVC ± 3.10, mean absolute change admission to discharge, p &lt; 0.01), and at 3-month follow-up, the bicep peak sEMG amplitude was significantly reduced in the active taVNS group (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, robot training improved the motor capacity of both groups, and taVNS, decreased spasticity. taVNS administered during premotor planning of movement may play a role in improving coordinated activation of the agonist-antagonist upper arm muscle groups by mitigating spasticity and increasing motor control following stroke.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03592745).


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichiro Nishida ◽  
Taro Ishiguro ◽  
Takanori Yokota
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Elijah M.K. Haynes ◽  
Changki Kim

Reece & Herda (2021) reported that an antagonist muscle exhibited an organized motor unit (MU) recruitment scheme during isometric elbow flexion contractions. This control scheme, however, differed from the typical MU control scheme in that MU firing rates did not change between force levels (40% and 70% MVC) in the triceps brachii when it acted as an antagonist to isometric elbow flexion. Here we suggest technological considerations with evidence that may have affected these findings. Additionally, we highlight how this paper offers a promising starting point from which further insight into antagonist MU behaviour can be gathered non-invasively, and suggest future research directions to improve our understanding of MU activity of antagonist muscles in the upper limb.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document