A morphometric study of suprarenal gland development in the fetal period

Defining quantitative growth parameters of individual skeletal bones, namely the right and left femurs, is practically important for determining the age of the fetus. Lack of data on changes in the length of the femur in 4-10 months’ fetuses, as well as the dependence of its morphometric parameters on the length of the lower limb and the age of the fetus, prompted us to conduct this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, which could form the base of normal indicators. Materials and methods. Morphometric study was performed on the lower extremities specimens of 40 human fetuses of an 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the dynamics of changes in the length of the right and left femurs and lower extremities in 4-10 months’ human fetuses was established. Direct correlations were found in the studied fetal groups, and only in 5-month-old fetuses a direct medium-strength reliable correlation between the lengths of the right and left femurs was found. A weak correlation between the length of the left lower limb and the length of the left femur was found in 7-month-old fetuses. In other cases, direct significant strong correlations were found between the analyzed indicators. The results obtained regarding the change in the length of the right and left femurs, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs and the length of the lower extremities and parietal-coccygeal length of human fetuses 4-10 months are important both theoretically and practically for fetal anatomy. Conclusion. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, where there is a relatively uniform increase in the length of the right and left femurs, no significant differences in their length were detected. Between the 4th and the 10th month of fetal development, the length of the right femur increases by 5.59 times (from 13.18 ± 2.56 mm to 73.66 ± 2.19 mm), and the length of the left femur increases by 5.44 times: from 13.54 ± 2.35 mm to 73.73 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. In the fetal period the right and left lower extremities also grow equally, no significant differences in their length have been established

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Effects of photoperiod on thyroid gland development and function in growing chicks: a biochemical and morphometric study

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an20687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (16) ◽

pp. 1652

Author(s):

Seckin Ozkanlar ◽

Hulya Kara ◽

Cihan Gür ◽

Semin Gedikli ◽

Adem Kara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Continuous Light ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Follicle Diameter ◽

And Function ◽

Gland Development ◽

Thyroid Development

Context Light treatment has a regulatory role in some growth-related functions, including thyroid development in chicks. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatments on thyroid organ weight and serum thyroid hormone concentrations of broilers by use of biochemical and histological methods. Methods After the hatching, 120 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into two main groups according to sex. Both groups were then split into two sub-groups based on photoperiod treatment: 16 h (i.e. 16 h light:8 h dark) and 24 h (24 h light:0 h dark). Thyroid gland and blood samples of six animals from each group were obtained after slaughtering at 7-day intervals from Day 14 after hatching to Day 42. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by the chemiluminescence method for all groups. Thyroid weight, bodyweight and thyroid follicle diameter were also measured. Key results Thyroid weight:bodyweight ratio generally started to increase from Day 14 to Day 42, with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the groups at the same age. For both male and female broiler chicks, morphometric measures increased as birds grew. Serum FT3 and TSH concentrations slightly decreased and serum FT4 concentrations increased in growing chicks of both sexes. Conclusions Extending the photoperiod from 16 to 24 h had no effects on thyroid gland development or functions in terms of both biochemical and morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. Implications Continuous light has minimal effects on thyroid functions of growing broiler chicks to Day 42.

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Pre- and post-natal growth of the human ductus epididymidis. A morphometric study

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/r98059 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

María P. De Miguel ◽

José M. Mariño ◽

Francisco Martínez-García ◽

Manuel Nistal ◽

Ricardo Paniagua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leydig Cells ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Group Vi ◽

Muscular Layer ◽

Fetal Period ◽

Progressive Development ◽

Efferent Ducts ◽

Layer 4 ◽

Cauda Epididymidis

A histometric study of the development of the human epididymis from the fetal period to adulthood has been carried out in males without testicular or related pathology, distributed into the following groups: (I) fetuses (between the 28th and 37th week of pregnancy); (II) newborns (1–30 days of age); (III) infants (2–4 months of age); (IV) infants (5–12 months of age); (V) infants (1–4 years of age); (VI) children (5–14 years [prepubertal]); and (VII) adults (15–60 years of age). For each age group and each epididymal portion (efferent ducts, caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis) the parameters measured were (1) total surface (epithelium + muscular layer + lumen); (2) the surface occupied by the lumen; (3) the surface occupied by the muscular layer; (4) total diameter of the duct; (5) total diameter of the lumen; and (6) the height of the epithelium. The results of the present study revealed that the development of the efferent ducts and ductus epididymidis follows a biphasic pattern. A progressive development occurs from the fetal period to infants 2–4-months of age. However, this development is transient and regresses during infancy (groups IV and V). At childhood (group VI), a definitive development is initiated and completed at puberty (group VII). These changes seem to be related to the androgen-dependence of the epididymis, the different stages of testicular maturation, and the steroidogenic activity of Leydig cells.

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