Value of a deep learning-based algorithm for detecting Lung-RADS category 4 nodules on chest radiographs in a health checkup population: estimation of the sample size for a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Gang Nam ◽  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Eun Hee Lee ◽  
Wonju Hong ◽  
Jongsoo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Educational Video in Maternity Wards to Prevent Self-Reported Shaking and Smothering during the First Week of Age: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036
Author(s):  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Makiko Sampei ◽  
Yusuke Miyazaki ◽  
Fujiko Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Health Checkup ◽  
Infant Crying ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study aimed to investigate whether watching an educational video on infant crying and the dangers of shaking and smothering within 1 week after delivery at maternity wards reduces self-reported shaking and smothering, at a 1-month health checkup. A cluster randomized controlled trial, stratified by area and hospital function, was employed in 45 obstetrics hospitals/clinics in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. In the intervention group, mothers watched an educational video on infant crying and the dangers of shaking and smothering an infant, within 1 week of age, during hospitalization at maternity wards, without blinding on group allocation. Control group received usual care. A total of 4722 (N = 2350 and 2372 for intervention and control group, respectively) mothers who delivered their babies (still birth and gestational age < 22 weeks were excluded) between October 1, 2014, and January 31 were recruited. Outcomes were self-reported shaking and smothering behaviors, knowledge on infant crying and shaking, and behaviors to cope with infant crying, assessed via a questionnaire at a 1-month health checkup. In all, 2718 (N = 1078 and 1640) responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 58.3%), and analytic sample size was 2655 (N = 1058 and 1597 for intervention and control group, respectively). Multilevel analysis was used to adjust for correlation within the cluster. Prevalence of shaking was significantly lower in the intervention group (0.19%) than in the control group (1.69%). Intention-to-treat analysis showed an 89% reduction in the reported prevalence of self-reported shaking (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.53) due to watching the educational video. However, self-reported smothering behavior showed no significant reduction (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.27–1.60). No side effects were reported. Watching an educational video on infant crying and the dangers of shaking and smothering within 1 week after delivery at maternity wards reduced self-reported shaking at 1 month of age. UMIN Clinical Trial Registry UMIN000015558.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Yoga-Based Lifestyle Protocol (YLP) in Preventing Diabetes in a High-Risk Indian Cohort: A Multicenter Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial (NMB-Trial)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagarathna Raghuram ◽  
Venkat Ram ◽  
Vijaya Majumdar ◽  
Rajesh SK ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized

IntroductionThough several lines of evidence support the utility of yoga-based interventions in diabetes prevention, most of these studies have been limited by methodological issues, primarily sample size inadequacy. Hence, we tested the effectiveness of yoga-based lifestyle intervention against diabetes risk reduction in multicentre, large community settings of India, through a single-blind cluster-randomized controlled trial, Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharat Abhiyan (NMB). Research Design and MethodsNMB-trial is a multicentre cluster-randomized trial conducted in 80 clusters [composed of rural units (villages) and urban units (Census Enumeration Blocks)] randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to intervention and control groups. Participants were individuals (age, 20–70 years) with prediabetes (blood HbA1c values in the range of 5.7–6.4%) and IDRS ≥ 60. The intervention included the practice of yoga-based lifestyle modification protocol (YLP) for 9 consecutive days, followed by daily home and weekly supervised practices for 3 months. The control cluster received standard of care advice for diabetes prevention. Statistical analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis, using available and imputed datasets. The primary outcome was the conversion from prediabetes to diabetes after the YLP intervention of 3 months (diagnosed based upon HbA1c cutoff &gt;6.5%). Secondary outcome included regression to normoglycemia with HbA1c &lt;5.7%.ResultsA total of 3380 (75.96%) participants were followed up at 3 months. At 3 months post-intervention, overall, diabetes developed in 726 (21.44%) participants. YLP was found to be significantly effective in halting progression to diabetes as compared to standard of care; adjusted RRR was 63.81(95% CI = 56.55–69.85). The YLP also accelerated regression to normoglycemia [adjusted Odds Ratio (adjOR) = 1.20 (95% CI, 1.02–1.43)]. Importantly, younger participants (≤40 years) were found to regress to normoglycemia more effectively than the older participants Pinteraction&lt;0.001. ConclusionBased on the significant risk reduction derived from the large sample size, and the carefully designed randomized yoga-based intervention on high-risk populations, the study is a preliminary but strong proof-of-concept for yoga as a potential lifestyle-based treatment to curb the epidemic of diabetes. The observed findings also indicate a potential of YLP for diabetes prevention in low/moderate risk profile individuals that needs large-scale validation.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2018/03/012804.

Project-based learning in AP classrooms: Lessons from research

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Anna Rosefsky Saavedra ◽  
Amie Rapaport ◽  
Kari Lock Morgan ◽  
Marshall W. Garland ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Support Teacher ◽  
Pedagogical Changes

A team of researchers wanted to learn whether AP teachers using a project-based learning (PBL) approach could develop students’ deep learning of knowledge and skills while preparing them for their AP exams. They used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the Knowledge in Action (KIA) project-based curricula for AP courses. KIA students outperformed non-KIA students on AP exams, including within subgroups. Though the shift to PBL required considerable pedagogical changes, teachers and students perceived benefits beyond AP performance, and the majority of teachers planned to continue using PBL after the study. The pattern of results was consistent for two years and in two courses, AP U.S. Government and AP Environmental Science. Results support teacher-driven adoption of KIA for students from both lower- and higher-income households and in both courses.

Intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance treatment in myasthenia gravis: A randomized, controlled trial sample size simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Eienbröker ◽  
Florian Seitz ◽  
Anna Spengler ◽  
Heike Kurz ◽  
Maria Seipelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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