An updated evaluation of the global mean land surface air temperature and surface temperature trends based on CLSAT and CMST

Abstract. The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical modeling platform for cross-disciplinary earth system studies, project future Earth's climate and environment changes, as well conduct subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. While the previous model version NESM v1 simulates well the internal modes of climate variability, it has no vegetation dynamics and suffers considerable radiative energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere and surface, resulting in large biases in the global mean surface air temperature, which limit its utility to simulate past and project future climate changes. The NESM v3 upgraded the atmospheric and land surface model components and improved physical parameterization and conservation of coupling variables. Here we describe the new version's basic features and how the major improvements were made. We demonstrate the v3 model's fidelity and suitability to address the global climate variability and change issues. The 500-year PI experiment shows negligible trends in the net heat flux at the top of atmosphere and the Earth surface. Consistently, the simulated global mean surface air temperature, land surface temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) are all in a quasi-equilibrium state. The conservation of global water is demonstrated by the stable evolution of the global mean precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea water salinity. The sea ice extents (SIEs), as a major indication of high latitude climate, also maintain a balanced state. The simulated spatial patterns of the mean outgoing longwave radiation, SST, precipitation, SSS fields are realistic, but the model suffers from a cold bias in the North Atlantic, a warm bias in the Southern Ocean and associated deficient Antarctic sea ice area, as well as a delicate sign of the double ITCZ syndrome. The estimate radiative forcing of quadrupling carbon dioxide is about 7.24 W m-2, yielding a climate sensitivity feedback parameter of −0.98 W m-2 K-1, and the equilibrium climate sensitivity is 3.69 K. The transient climate response from the 1 pct/year increasing CO2 experiment is 2.16 K. The model's performance on internal modes and responses to external forcing during the historical period will be documented in an accompanying paper.

Download Full-text

The NUIST Earth System Model (NESM) version 3: description and preliminary evaluation

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-11-2975-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2975-2993 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Jian Cao ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Young-Min Yang ◽

Libin Ma ◽

Juan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Sensitivity ◽

Land Surface ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Sea Surface ◽

System Model ◽

Earth System ◽

Global Mean

Abstract. The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical modeling platform for cross-disciplinary Earth system studies, project future Earth climate and environment changes, and conduct subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. While the previous model version NESM v1 simulates the internal modes of climate variability well, it has no vegetation dynamics and suffers considerable radiative energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere and surface, resulting in large biases in the global mean surface air temperature, which limits its utility to simulate past and project future climate changes. The NESM v3 has upgraded atmospheric and land surface model components and improved physical parameterization and conservation of coupling variables. Here we describe the new version's basic features and how the major improvements were made. We demonstrate the v3 model's fidelity and suitability to address global climate variability and change issues. The 500-year preindustrial (PI) experiment shows negligible trends in the net heat flux at the top of atmosphere and the Earth surface. Consistently, the simulated global mean surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST) are all in a quasi-equilibrium state. The conservation of global water is demonstrated by the stable evolution of the global mean precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea water salinity. The sea ice extents (SIEs), as a major indication of high-latitude climate, also maintain a balanced state. The simulated spatial patterns of the energy states, SST, precipitation, and SSS fields are realistic, but the model suffers from a cold bias in the North Atlantic, a warm bias in the Southern Ocean, and associated deficient Antarctic sea ice area, as well as a delicate sign of the double ITCZ syndrome. The estimated radiative forcing of quadrupling carbon dioxide is about 7.24 W m−2, yielding a climate sensitivity feedback parameter of −0.98 W m−2 K−1, and the equilibrium climate sensitivity is 3.69 K. The transient climate response from the 1 % yr−1 CO2 (1pctCO2) increase experiment is 2.16 K. The model's performance on internal modes and responses to external forcing during the historical period will be documented in an accompanying paper.

Download Full-text

Near–surface air temperature and snow skin temperature comparison from CREST-SAFE station data with MODIS land surface temperature data

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-12-7665-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 7665-7687 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. L. Pérez Díaz ◽

T. Lakhankar ◽

P. Romanov ◽

J. Muñoz ◽

R. Khanbilvardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Critical Role ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Balance Model ◽

Near Surface

Abstract. Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key variable (commonly studied to understand the hydrological cycle) that helps drive the energy balance and water exchange between the Earth's surface and its atmosphere. One observable constituent of much importance in the land surface water balance model is snow. Snow cover plays a critical role in the regional to global scale hydrological cycle because rain-on-snow with warm air temperatures accelerates rapid snow-melt, which is responsible for the majority of the spring floods. Accurate information on near-surface air temperature (T-air) and snow skin temperature (T-skin) helps us comprehend the energy and water balances in the Earth's hydrological cycle. T-skin is critical in estimating latent and sensible heat fluxes over snow covered areas because incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes from the snow mass and the air temperature above make it different from the average snowpack temperature. This study investigates the correlation between MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data and observed T-air and T-skin data from NOAA-CREST-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE) for the winters of 2013 and 2014. LST satellite validation is imperative because high-latitude regions are significantly affected by climate warming and there is a need to aid existing meteorological station networks with the spatially continuous measurements provided by satellites. Results indicate that near-surface air temperature correlates better than snow skin temperature with MODIS LST data. Additional findings show that there is a negative trend demonstrating that the air minus snow skin temperature difference is inversely proportional to cloud cover. To a lesser extent, it will be examined whether the surface properties at the site are representative for the LST properties within the instrument field of view.

Download Full-text

Ground vs. surface air temperature trends: Implications for borehole surface temperature reconstructions

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1029/2003gl017170 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Michael E. Mann ◽

Gavin A. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Temperature Reconstructions ◽

Borehole Surface

Download Full-text

Recent Trends in Land Surface Temperature on the Tibetan Plateau

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli3811.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2995-3003 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Yuichiro Oku ◽

Hirohiko Ishikawa ◽

Shigenori Haginoya ◽

Yaoming Ma

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Near Surface ◽

Diurnal Range

Abstract The diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in land surface temperature (LST) on the Tibetan Plateau from 1996 to 2002 are analyzed using the hourly LST dataset obtained by Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 5 (GMS-5) observations. Comparing LST retrieved from GMS-5 with independent precipitation amount data demonstrates the consistent and complementary relationship between them. The results indicate an increase in the LST over this period. The daily minimum has risen faster than the daily maximum, resulting in a narrowing of the diurnal range of LST. This is in agreement with the observed trends in both global and plateau near-surface air temperature. Since the near-surface air temperature is mainly controlled by LST, this result ensures a warming trend in near-surface air temperature.

Download Full-text

Study on Urban Thermal Environment based on Diurnal Temperature Range

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12971 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zheng Guo ◽

Miaomiao Cheng

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Heat Island ◽

Near Surface ◽

Diurnal Range ◽

Urban Thermal Environment

Diurnal temperature range (includes land surface temperature diurnal range and near surface air temperature diurnal range) is an important meteorological parameter, which is a very important factor in the field of the urban thermal environmental. Nowadays, the research of urban thermal environment mainly focused on surface heat island and canopy heat island.Based on analysis of the current status of city thermal environment. Firstly, a method was proposed to obtain near surface air temperature diurnal range in this study, difference of land surface temperature between day and night were introduced into the improved temperature vegetation index feature space based on remote sensing data. Secondly, compared with the district administrative division, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the diurnal range of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature.The conclusions of this study are as follows:1 During 2003-2012s, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range of Beijing were fluctuating upward. The rising trend of the near surface air temperature diurnal range was more significant than land surface temperature diurnal range. In addition, the rise and decline of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in different districts were different. In the six city districts, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in the six areas of the city were mainly downward. The decline trend of near surface air temperature diurnal range was more significant than land surface temperature diurnal range.2 During 2003-2012s, the land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range of Beijing with similar characteristics in spatial distribution, with higher distribution land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in urban area and with lower distribution of land surface temperature and near surface air temperature diurnal range in the Northwest Mountainous area and the area of Miyun reservoir.

Download Full-text

Estimation of surface air temperature over central and eastern Eurasia from MODIS land surface temperature

Environmental Research Letters ◽

10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045206 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 045206 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Suhung Shen ◽

Gregory G Leptoukh

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Modis Land Surface Temperature

Download Full-text

On the scaling effect in global surface air temperature anomalies

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-13-5243-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5243-5253 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

C. A. Varotsos ◽

M. N. Efstathiou ◽

A. P. Cracknell

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Sea Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Land Surface ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Scaling Exponents ◽

Mean Values ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

Air Temperature Anomalies

Abstract. The annual and the monthly mean values of the land-surface air temperature anomalies from 1880–2011, over both hemispheres, are used to investigate the existence of long-range correlations in their temporal evolution. The analytical tool employed is the detrended fluctuation analysis, which eliminates the noise of the non-stationarities that characterize the land-surface air temperature anomalies in both hemispheres. The reliability of the results obtained from this tool (e.g., power-law scaling) is investigated, especially for large scales, by using error bounds statistics, the autocorrelation function (e.g., rejection of its exponential decay) and the method of local slopes (e.g., their constancy in a sufficient range). The main finding is that deviations of one sign of the land-surface air temperature anomalies in both hemispheres are generally followed by deviations with the same sign at different time intervals. In other words, the land-surface air temperature anomalies exhibit persistent behaviour, i.e., deviations tend to keep the same sign. Taking into account our earlier study, according to which the land and sea surface temperature anomalies exhibit scaling behaviour in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, we conclude that the difference between the scaling exponents mainly stems from the sea surface temperature, which exhibits a stronger memory in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the variability of the scaling exponents of the annual mean values of the land-surface air temperature anomalies versus latitude shows an increasing trend from the low latitudes to polar regions, starting from the classical random walk (white noise) over the tropics. There is a gradual increase of the scaling exponent from low to high latitudes (which is stronger over the Southern Hemisphere).

Download Full-text