Prostaglandin E 2 activates the ciliary beat frequency of cultured human nasal mucosa via the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.

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Acetylcholine-induced Ciliary Beat of the Human Nasal Mucosa Is Regulated by the Pannexin-1 Channel and Purinergic P2X Receptor

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892418770292 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ba H. Do ◽

Toyoaki Ohbuchi ◽

Tetsuro Wakasugi ◽

Hiroki Koizumi ◽

Mitsuru Yokoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

P2x Receptor ◽

Flufenamic Acid ◽

Disulfonic Acid ◽

Human Nasal Mucosa ◽

Pannexin 1 ◽

Ciliary Beat

Background Airway mucociliary transport is an important function for the clearance of inhaled foreign particulates in the respiratory tract. The present study aimed at investigating the regulatory mechanism of acetylcholine (Ach)-induced ciliary beat of the human nasal mucosa in ex vivo. Methods The inferior turbinate mucosa was collected from patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis during endoscopic surgery. The mucosa was cut into thin strips, and ciliary movement was observed under a phase-contrast light microscope with a high-speed digital video camera. The sample was alternatively subjected to scanning electron microscopic observation. Results Cilia on the turbinate epithelium were well preserved at the ultrastructural level. The baseline ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was 6.45 ± 0.32 Hz. CBF was significantly increased by stimulation with 100 µM Ach and 100 µM adenosine triphosphate. The Ach-induced CBF increase was completely inhibited by removing extracellular Ca2+. Significant inhibition of the Ach-induced CBF was also observed by the addition of 1 µM atropine, 40 µM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (inositol trisphosphate [IP3] receptor antagonist), 10 µM carbenoxolone (pannexin-1 blocker), 1 mM probenecid (pannexin-1 blocker), 100 µM pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-20,40-disulfonic acid (P2X antagonist), and 300 µM flufenamic acid (connexin blocker). Meanwhile, 30 nM bafilomycin A1 (vesicular transport inhibitor) did not inhibit the Ach-induced CBF increase. Conclusions: These results indicate that the regulatory mechanism of the Ach-induced ciliary beat is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and involves the muscarinic Ach receptor, IP3 receptor, pannexin-1 channel, purinergic P2X receptor, and connexin channel. We proposed a tentative intracellular signaling pathway of the Ach-induced ciliary beat, in which the pannexin-1-P2X unit may play a central role in ciliary beat regulation.

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Nasal toxicological investigations of Carbopol 971P formulation of apomorphine: effects on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal primary cell culture and in vivo on rabbit nasal mucosa

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/s0928-0987(99)00082-2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 387-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Michael Ikechukwu Ugwoke ◽

Remigius Uchenna Agu ◽

Mark Jorissen ◽

Patrick Augustijns ◽

Raf Sciot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Primary Cell Culture ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Primary Cell ◽

Ciliary Beat

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In Vitro Study on the Influence of N-Chlorotaurine on the Ciliary Beat Frequency of Nasal Mucosa

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.1177/194589240301700307 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 149-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Edmund Hofer ◽

Andreas Neher ◽

Andreas R. Gunkel ◽

Markus Nagl

Keyword(s):

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Clinical Investigations ◽

Photometric Technique ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Toxic Potential ◽

Ciliary Beat

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a new endogenous antimicrobial agent, on the nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in nasal mucosa samples of 10 adult patients who underwent conchotomy. Methods CBF was measured by a photometric technique, combining a light microscope, a photometer, a photograph multiplier, and a computed analyzing unit. Results CBF decreased ∼10% after 20 minutes of incubation in aqueous 1% NCT solution compared with 3% in 0.9% saline, and 0.1 and 0.01% NCT had no effect. However, a solution of 7% cocaine, which is used routinely for shrinking the nasal mucosa before rhinoscopy lowered the CBF to 50% after the same incubation time. Conclusion These results confirm the very low toxic potential of NCT, and they are fundamental for clinical investigations regarding its topical application in the nasal and paranasal sinuses.

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Modulation of Ciliary Beat Frequency in the Upper Airway by Prostaglandins

American Journal of Rhinology ◽

10.2500/105065896782103081 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 229-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodney J. Schlosser ◽

Ramon A. Franco ◽

Judith M. Czaja ◽

Thomas V. McCaffrey

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Beat Frequency ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Ciliary Activity ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽

Ciliary Beat

Prostaglandins are ubiquitous within tissues and participate in several local regulatory functions. Previous reports have presented conflicting evidence on their role in ciliary activity in the upper airway. We studied the in vitro effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and a prostaglandin I2 analog (Iloprost) on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human adenoid explants and rabbit sinus mucosa. Tissue explants were maintained in culture at 35°C. PGE2 or Iloprost was added to the culture media at concentrations of 10–6, to 10–12 M. CBF was determined using phase contrast microscopy and microphotometry. PGE2 increased CBF with a maximum increase of 54.6% in rabbit mucosa (P < 0.01) and 20.0% in human adenoid (P < 0.009). Iloprost increased CBF with a maximum increase of 35.2% in rabbit mucosa (P < 0.02) and 16.4% in human adenoid (P < 0.03). Induced production of endogenous prostaglandins was determined by treating specimens with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (diclofenac) prior to addition of PGE2 or Iloprost. Diclofenac had no effect on the ciliostimulatory effects of PGE2 (P > 0.36), however it significantly decreased the ciliostimulatory effect of Iloprost (P < 0.037). Both PGE2 and Iloprost stimulate ciliary motility, yet the action of PGE2 is direct, whereas Iloprost stimulates cilia by release of endogenous prostaglandins in both the human and rabbit.

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