In Vitro Study on the Influence of N-Chlorotaurine on the Ciliary Beat Frequency of Nasal Mucosa

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Hofer ◽  
Andreas Neher ◽  
Andreas R. Gunkel ◽  
Markus Nagl
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Photometric Technique ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a new endogenous antimicrobial agent, on the nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in nasal mucosa samples of 10 adult patients who underwent conchotomy. Methods CBF was measured by a photometric technique, combining a light microscope, a photometer, a photograph multiplier, and a computed analyzing unit. Results CBF decreased ∼10% after 20 minutes of incubation in aqueous 1% NCT solution compared with 3% in 0.9% saline, and 0.1 and 0.01% NCT had no effect. However, a solution of 7% cocaine, which is used routinely for shrinking the nasal mucosa before rhinoscopy lowered the CBF to 50% after the same incubation time. Conclusion These results confirm the very low toxic potential of NCT, and they are fundamental for clinical investigations regarding its topical application in the nasal and paranasal sinuses.

Leukotrienes C4 and D4 Increase the Ciliary Beat Frequency in Human Upper Airway Mucosa in Vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. Cyrus ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Airway Mucosa ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Ciliary Beat

It has been suggested that leukotrienes C4 (LTC4) and D4 (LTD4) released from upper respiratory mucosa influence mucociliary transport during allergic reactions. We studied the in vitro effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human adenoid explants over a 5-hour period. Tissue explants were cultured at 35° C in Minimum Essential Medium Eagle (MEM). The CBF was measured using phase contrast microscopy and microphotometry. Measurements of CBF were recorded in medium alone and in medium containing LTC4 or LTD4 at concentrations of 10−8 and 10−6 M. LTC4 and LTD4 increased CBF at concentrations of 10−8 and 10−6 M with increases of 20.51% ± 2.69% and 29.84% ± 4.06%, respectively. To determine the specificity of the LTC4 and LTD4 effects, the ciliated epithelium was treated with the specific leukotriene receptor antagonist LY-171,883 before administration of LTC4 and LTD4. LY-171,883 (10−6 M) significantly inhibited the ciliostimulatory effects of both leukotrienes. Our findings indicate that LTC4 and LTD4 increase CBF in vitro by activation of the LTD4 receptor.

Luffa Operculata Affects Mucociliary Function of the Isolated Frog Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Aidar Menon-Miyake ◽  
Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Ossamu Butugan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Velocity ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Frog Palate ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.

Correlation Between Ciliary Beat Frequency and the Structure of Ciliated Epithelia in Pathologic Human Nasal Mucosa

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Joki ◽  
Elina Toskala ◽  
Veijo Saano ◽  
Juhani Nuutinen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beat

The effects of in vitro cotitine on nasal ciliary beat frequency

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. AGIUS ◽  
M. WAKE ◽  
A. L. PAHOR ◽  
A. SMALLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Effects of ethanol on in vitro ciliary motility

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Maurer ◽  
J. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Ciliary Motility ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Consumption of ethanol can impair lung function and slow total lung clearance. High concentrations of ethanol have been shown to slow or arrest ciliary beating. This study examined the effects of concentrations of alcohol comparable to blood levels achieved from social drinking on ciliary beat frequency. We obtained ciliated cells by brushing the trachea of unanesthetized sheep during fiber-optic bronchoscopy. The cells were suspended in a perfusion chamber and physiological conditions were maintained in vitro. Ciliary beat frequency and synchrony were determined by slow-motion analysis of video images obtained by interference contrast microscopy. Metachronal ciliary coordination was observed in all preparations. The ciliary beat frequency was stimulated at ethanol concentrations from 0.01 up to but not including 0.1%, unchanged at 0.5 and 1%, and slowed at 2%. While confirming inhibition of ciliary motility at very high ethanol levels, we observed no acute impairment of ciliary function at ethanol concentrations comparable to those achieved from social drinking. Indeed, we found an unexpected stimulation of ciliary beating at low levels of ethanol. How this alteration in ciliary beating would affect pulmonary clearance remains unknown at this time.

Regulation of ciliary beat frequency by autonomic mechanisms: in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Wong ◽  
I. F. Miller ◽  
D. B. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Laser Light ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Autonomic Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Ciliary Beat

The ciliated epithelium of the mammalian trachea separates the neurohumoral milieu of the tissue from that of the environment of the airway lumen. To determine whether specific autonomic receptors regulating ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were located on mucosal or serosal sides, we measured CBF by heterodyne mode correlation analysis laser light scattering in bovine tracheal tissues mounted in a two-sided chamber. A beta 2-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, at 10(-7) M, stimulated serosal CBF from 7.9 +/- 1.3 to 20.2 +/- 5.8 Hz (P less than 0.01) and mucosal CBF from 6.6 +/- 0.9 to 14.7 +/- 4.6 Hz (P less than 0.01). A muscarinic cholinergic agonist, methacholine, at 10(-7) M, increased mucosal CBF from 8.4 +/- 1.0 to 19.5 +/- 5.5 Hz (P less than 0.01) and serosal CBF from 8.0 +/- 0.9 to 15.4 +/- 5.0 Hz (P less than 0.01). The differences in stimulation of CBF on the mucosal and serosal sides between fenoterol and methacholine were significant (P less than 0.01). Studies in which these autonomic agonist stimulating effects were inhibited by their respective antagonists, propranolol and atropine sulfate, demonstrated that CBF can be regulated independently by mediators both in the submucosa and within the mucus lining.

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