Nasal toxicological investigations of Carbopol 971P formulation of apomorphine: effects on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal primary cell culture and in vivo on rabbit nasal mucosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ikechukwu Ugwoke ◽  
Remigius Uchenna Agu ◽  
Mark Jorissen ◽  
Patrick Augustijns ◽  
Raf Sciot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Primary Cell Culture ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Correlations among Mucociliary Transport, Ciliary Function, and Ciliary Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jorissen
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Mucociliary transport is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the airway. Mucociliary transport time or rate, as measured using the saccharin test or the radioisotope technique, respectively, is clinically the most relevant parameter, although subject to large intra- and interindividual variability. There is no correlation between mucociliary transport in vivo and ciliary beat frequency ex vivo. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that mucociliary transport correlates with ciliary structure and orientation as investigated with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation is presented between ciliary beat frequency and secondary ciliary abnormalities. This correlation can best be described according to the logistic sigmoid model (r = 0.69). Based on these functional data, an ultrastructural distinction is proposed among normal (less than 5%), light (5 to 15%), moderate (15 to 25%), and severe (more than 25%) secondary ciliary dyskinesia.

Luffa Operculata Affects Mucociliary Function of the Isolated Frog Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Aidar Menon-Miyake ◽  
Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Ossamu Butugan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Velocity ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Frog Palate ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.

Correlation Between Ciliary Beat Frequency and the Structure of Ciliated Epithelia in Pathologic Human Nasal Mucosa

1998 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Joki ◽  
Elina Toskala ◽  
Veijo Saano ◽  
Juhani Nuutinen
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Human Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Cyanide levels found in infected cystic fibrosis sputum inhibit airway ciliary function

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Nair ◽  
Amelia Shoemark ◽  
Mario Chan ◽  
Sarah Ollosson ◽  
Mellissa Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Frequency Measurements ◽  
Air Liquid Interface ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Ciliary Beat

We have previously reported cyanide at concentrations of up to 150 μM in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients infected withPseudomonas aeruginosaand a negative correlation with lung function. Our aim was to investigate possible mechanisms for this association, focusing on the effect of pathophysiologically relevant cyanide levels on human respiratory cell function.Ciliary beat frequency measurements were performed on nasal brushings and nasal air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures obtained from healthy volunteers and cystic fibrosis patients.Potassium cyanide decreased ciliary beat frequency in healthy nasal brushings (n = 6) after 60 min (150 μM: 47% fall, p<0.0012; 75 μM: 32% fall, p<0.0001). Samples from cystic fibrosis patients (n = 3) showed similar results (150 μM: 55% fall, p = 0.001). Ciliary beat frequency inhibition was not due to loss of cell viability and was reversible. The inhibitory mechanism was independent of ATP levels. KCN also significantly inhibited ciliary beat frequency in ALI cultures, albeit to a lesser extent. Ciliary beat frequency measurements on ALI cultures treated with culture supernatants fromP. aeruginosamutants defective in virulence factor production implicated cyanide as a key component inhibiting the ciliary beat frequency.If cyanide production similarly impairs mucocilliary clearancein vivo, it could explain the link with increased disease severity observed in cystic fibrosis patients with detectable cyanide in their airway.

Rapid melanization of bomirski amelanotic melanoma cells in cell culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Słominski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Primary Cell Culture ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
In Vitro Growth

Transfer of Bomirski amelanotic melanoma ceils from in vivo to in vitro growth conditions results in occurrence of rapid melanization in their cytoplasm. The melanized ceils from primary cell culture initiate tumours in hamsters, which do not contain traces of melanin and resemble typical amelanotic melanoma.

scholarly journals Do alterations in gene expressions influence tumorigenesis in the transmissible venereal tumor in dogs?

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haline Ballestero Fêo ◽  
Luis Mauricio Montoya Flórez ◽  
Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽  
Anderson do Prado Duzanski ◽  
João Pessoa Araújo Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Primary Cell Culture ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Gene Expressions

ABSTRACT: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a transmissible neoplasm, which spreads naturally between dogs through the halogenic transfer of tumor cells, mainly during coitus. It is the oldest known tumoral lineage in nature and reports on gene mutations have been extended. Also, this tumor shares several genetic mutations with some cancers in humans, among them lung carcinomas, melanoma, prostate, breast, among other cancers. Thus, expression of tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, P21, and apoptosis-related genes such as BAX, BCL-2, and BCL-xL, both in vivo and in vitro (primary cell culture) were quantified. In the present study, the comparison of gene expression, the TP53 gene, in most cases, was shown to be high in the majority of tissues (65%) and primary cell culture (100%), while BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BAX presented variation among the animals analyzed. Moreover, in these situations, the results suggested that the apoptotic regulation of these genes did not occur for TP53. The P21 gene was shown to be mostly normal (70%); although, absence (6%) and underexpressions (24%) were also observed. Statistical analysis of the BCL-xL gene demonstrated significant differences between the tissues of the animals when compared to the cell cultures; however, to the other genes, no statistical difference was observed between the groups. Preliminarily, the results suggested the presence of alterations in the gene expressions of the TP53, P21, BAX, BCL-2 and BCL-xL leading to loss of function in these genes, which affect the tumorigenesis of CTVT.

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