scholarly journals A bespoke health risk assessment methodology for the radiation protection of astronauts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Walsh ◽  
Luana Hafner ◽  
Ulrich Straube ◽  
Alexander Ulanowski ◽  
Anna Fogtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Risk Limits

AbstractAn alternative approach that is particularly suitable for the radiation health risk assessment (HRA) of astronauts is presented. The quantity, Radiation Attributed Decrease of Survival (RADS), representing the cumulative decrease in the unknown survival curve at a certain attained age, due to the radiation exposure at an earlier age, forms the basis for this alternative approach. Results are provided for all solid cancer plus leukemia incidence RADS from estimated doses from theoretical radiation exposures accumulated during long-term missions to the Moon or Mars. For example, it is shown that a 1000-day Mars exploration mission with a hypothetical mission effective dose of 1.07 Sv at typical astronaut ages around 40 years old, will result in the probability of surviving free of all types of solid cancer and leukemia until retirement age (65 years) being reduced by 4.2% (95% CI 3.2; 5.3) for males and 5.8% (95% CI 4.8; 7.0) for females. RADS dose–responses are given, for the outcomes for incidence of all solid cancer, leukemia, lung and female breast cancer. Results showing how RADS varies with age at exposure, attained age and other factors are also presented. The advantages of this alternative approach, over currently applied methodologies for the long-term radiation protection of astronauts after mission exposures, are presented with example calculations applicable to European astronaut occupational HRA. Some tentative suggestions for new types of occupational risk limits for space missions are given while acknowledging that the setting of astronaut radiation-related risk limits will ultimately be decided by the Space Agencies. Suggestions are provided for further work which builds on and extends this new HRA approach, e.g., by eventually including non-cancer effects and detailed space dosimetry.

scholarly journals Long-Term Investigation and Health Risk Assessment of Multi-class Fungicide Residues in Fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Łozowicka ◽  
Izabela Hrynko ◽  
Piotr Kaczyński ◽  
Magdalena Jankowska ◽  
Ewa Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Fungicide Residues

Health Risk Assessment of Long Term Exposure to Chemicals: Application to Cadmium and Manganese

1992 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Lauwerys ◽  
A. Bernard ◽  
H. Roels ◽  
J. P. Buchet ◽  
A. Cardenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of a Food Supplement Containing Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis®

2019 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Judith Narvhus ◽  
Jørgen Lassen ◽  
Danica Grahel-Ogden ◽  
Karl Eckner ◽  
Georg Kapperud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Term Data

The Norwegian Scientific Commitee for Food Safety (VKM) appointed a working group of experts to answer a request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority regarding health risk assessment of Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis® in a food supplement intended for use by infants and young children. The mandate of this health risk assessment was not to evaluate the health claims related to the products as such health claims are assessed by EFSA. The specific strain DSM 17938 is a “daughter strain” of the strain ATCC 55730 which was originally isolated from normal human milk. ATCC 55730 harbours two plasmids carrying transferable resistance genes against tetracycline and lincosamides respectively. The “daughter strain” DSM 17938 was established in 2008 by curing the ATCC 55730 for these plasmids, but is in all other respects claimed to be identical to ATCC 55730 and bioequivalence of the two strains has been suggested. The strain DSM 17938 was still resistant to tetracycline (although at a considerably lower level than ATCC 55730) and a number of other antibiotics, but these resistances were all considered being intrinsic by FBO. The absence of possible transferable/mobile genes has, to our knowledge, not been confirmed in later studies. We are not aware of any data indicating that L. reuteri has been the cause of serious human diseases – and none of the studies examined has reported any adverse or undesirable short time effects. It has also been used in preterm infants with dosage corresponding to the actual recommended doses - without reporting any adverse, short term reaction. There is therefore no evidence leading to consider the strain DSM 17938 at the dosage recommended as unsafe. However, more long-term data are still lacking and the long-term safety for the age groups considered in this assessment cannot be established. As evidence is accruing that the early microbial composition of the infant gut is important for the development of the gut flora and the immune system of the growing child, it is not possible to exclude that a daily supply of a particular bacterial strain over a prolonged period of time to an immature gastro-intestinal tract may have long-term, albeit still unknown, adverse effects on it’s development. As the long-term data are lacking it is not possible to answer whether the amount of the food supplement or the age of the infant or young child is of importance. However, if later long-term data should reveal any adverse reaction, it is reasonable to assume that the actual age group will be the most vulnerable. As the safety was not entirely established, the question of whether there are any vulnerable groups (i.e. premature, infants or children with diseases) where there are health risks associated with the intake of Lactobacillus reuteri Protectis®, as a food supplement was not considered.

scholarly journals Residue level and health risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in eggplant and cauliflower collected from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
M. Habib ◽  
A. Kaium ◽  
M.S.I. Khan ◽  
M.D.H. Prodhan ◽  
N. Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Residue Levels

Residue levels of seven organophosphorus pesticides in two vegetables (eggplant and cauliflower) collected from major markets of Dhaka city, Bangladesh were analysed. The collected samples were analysed using a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction technique by Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Thermionic Detector (GC-FTD). Among the 50 analysed samples of the eggplant 12% samples contained residues of chlorpyrifos (0.384~0.980 mg/kg), 6% samples contained residue of dimethoate (0.052~0.132 mg/kg) and 2% samples contained residue of diazinon (0.01 mg/kg). Whereas, among the 50 samples of cauliflower, 12% samples contained residues of chlorpyrifos (0.056~0.540 mg/kg), 8% samples contained residues of diazinon (0.033~0.42 mg/kg) and 2% samples contained residues of quinalphos (0.06 mg/kg). The chlorpyrifos was found as the most frequently detected organophosphorus pesticide. Among the 21 contaminated samples, 20 were above EU-MRL. Short and long-term health risk assessment based on ARfD and ADI indicates that the intake risks of eggplant and cauliflower were in the acceptable range. Nevertheless, establishing strong monitoring and traceability system together with controlling pre-harvest interval needed to ensure food safety, consumer confidence and promote vegetable export from Bangladesh.

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