scholarly journals Associations between combinations of job demands and job control among 6,16,818 people aged 55–64 in paid work with their labour market status 11 years later: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Farrants ◽  
J. Head ◽  
E. Framke ◽  
R. Rugulies ◽  
K. Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background Given current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age. Objective To explore associations between combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55–64 years and their labour market status 11 years later. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. The 616,818 individuals in Sweden aged 55–64 who in 2001 were in paid work were categorised using a job exposure matrix based on tertiles (reference = medium control/medium demands). Participants were followed up in 2012 regarding their main labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, no income/social assistance, sickness absence/disability pension, emigrated, dead; reference = old-age pension) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The fully adjusted analyses included adjustment for sociodemographic factors and unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension for more than half the year in 2001. Results Those in occupations with low job control at baseline were less likely to be in paid work at follow-up (OR low demands/low control 0.74, CI 0.71–0.78; high demands/low control 0.81, CI 0.75–0.87). Those in occupations with baseline high demands were less likely to have no income/social assistance at follow-up (OR high demands/low control 0.71, CI 0.52–0.96; high demands/high control 0.59, CI 0.47–0.75). Conclusion Job demands and control when aged 55–64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later: high control was associated with greater chance of being in paid work, and high demands were associated with lower risk of no income/social assistance.

scholarly journals Job demands & control among employees in Sweden aged 55-64 and labour market status 11 years later

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farrants ◽  
K Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background As discussions about extending working lives are ongoing, more knowledge is warranted on how psychosocial working conditions are associated with labour market status in older age. Aim Among employees aged 55-64 years, explore associations between job demands/control with their labour market status 11 years later, using a job exposure matrix (JEM). Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. All 616,818 individuals in Sweden who in 2001 were in paid work and aged 55-64, were categorized using JEM into 9 groups, based on tertiles. They were followed up in 2012 regarding their labour market status (main income from: paid work, old-age pension, marginalised (no income/social assistance), sickness absence >183 net days, emigrated, dead) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for labour market status and sociodemographics in 2001. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results The majority (women: 84.9%, men: 80.3%) had main income from old-age pension at the 11-year follow-up; 4.7% from paid work (women: 3.9%, men: 5.6%). Those initially in jobs with high demands were less likely to be marginalised at follow-up (OR women high demands/medium control 0.51, CI 0.38-0.68, high demands/high control 0.68, CI 0.50-0.92; OR men high demands/medium control 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, high demands/high control 0.47, CI 0.30-0.73). Those in occupations with low demands were less likely to be in paid work (OR women low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.62, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69; OR men low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.63, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69). Conclusions High job demands with high job control among people aged 55-64 in 2001 were associated with higher rate and OR of having main income from paid work in 2012, and high job demands regardless of level of job control were associated with less marginalisation. Key messages Levels of job demands when aged 55-64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later for women and men, while levels of job control were less so. High job demands were associated with a higher likelihood of being in paid work and lower likelihood of being marginalised at the end of follow-up.

Job demands/control among people in paid work age 55-64 and their labour market status 11 years later

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farrants ◽  
J Head ◽  
E Framke ◽  
R Rugulies ◽  
K Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background As discussions about extending working lives are ongoing, more knowledge is warranted on working conditions that are associated with labour market status in older age. Aim Among employees aged 55-64 years, associations between job demands/job control with their labour market status 11 years later were explored. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using a job exposure matrix (JEM) and nationwide register data. All 616,818 individuals in Sweden who in 2001 were in paid work and aged 55-64, were assigned JEM values for job demands/control that were categorized into tertiles resulting in nine combinations of job demands/control (reference=medium control/medium demands). Follow-up was in 2012 regarding labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, low/no income, sickness absence emigrated, dead). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression (reference category=old-age pension) with adjustment for educational level, age, birth country, family situation and type of living area. Results Women in occupations with high control (OR low demands/high control 1.21, CI 1.06-1.39, medium demands/high control 1.32, CI 1.20-1.46, high demands/high control 1.29, CI 1.20-1.37); and men in occupations with high demands/high control (OR 1.11, CI 1.02-1.21) were more likely to be in paid work. Those in occupations with high demands at baseline were less likely to have low/no income at follow-up (OR women high demands/medium control 0.51, CI 0.37-0.68, high demands/high control 0.68, CI 0.50-0.92; men high demands/medium control 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, high demands/high control 0.47, CI 0.32-0.74. Conclusions High job control combined with any level of demands for women and high demands for men aged 55-64 in 2001 were associated with higher OR of having main income from paid work in 2012, and high job demands combined with any level of job control were associated with lower OR of low/no income. Key messages Combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55-64 years in 2001 were associated with labour market situations in 2012. Using a job exposure matrix divided into tertiles allows for greater detail in measuring high, medium, and low demands and control than methods used in previous studies.

Job demands and control and sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment among 2,194,692 individuals in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Norberg ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Elisabeth Framke ◽  
Reiner Rugulies ◽  
Kristin Farrants
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
High Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Knowledge is needed on associations between job demands and job control and long-term sickness absence (SA) and unemployment. We explored associations of job demands and job control with SA/disability pension (DP) and unemployment among women and men in paid work. Methods: We included all 2,194,694 individuals living in Sweden in 2001, aged 30–54 years, and in paid work. The Swedish Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) was used to ascertain levels of job demands and job control. Individuals were categorized into nine groups based on combinations of high, medium, or low values on both demands and control. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of job demands and job control with risk of long-term SA/DP (>183 net days) and long-term unemployment (>183 days). Results: Regarding SA/DP, among women the risk was highest for those in occupations with low demands and low control (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.28–1.36), whereas among men the risk was highest among those in occupations with high demands and low control (OR=1.22; 1.11–1.34). Regarding unemployment, among women the risk was highest among those in occupations with low demands and medium control (OR=1.30; 1.24–1.37), whereas among men the risk was highest for those in occupations with low demands and high control (OR=1.54; 1.46–1.62). Conclusions: Using a JEM among all in a population rather than for specific occupations gives a more comprehensive view of the associations between job demands/job control and long-term SA/DP and unemployment, respectively.

scholarly journals Social inclusion of clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s: A 27-year follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninive von Greiff ◽  
Lisa Skogens ◽  
Marie Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Market Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Labour Market Status

Aim:To investigate social inclusion/exclusion in terms of criminality, substance abuse and participation in the labour market in clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s during a follow-up period of 27 years.Method:SWEDATE data are used for background information on the clients. The data were collected through interviews with clients registered for treatment in 31 in-patient treatment units in 1982 and 1983. Data on labour market status, education and medication related to drugs were collected from public registers. The study population consisted of 1132 individuals, who were followed from the year after exiting from treatment (Year 1) until the end of the follow-up (December 2013).Results:Among those who survived, the women seem to have succeeded better in terms of social inclusion both at an aggregated level and when the individual pathways were followed during the follow-up period. When comparing pathways between adverse and non-adverse groups during the follow-up period the results show movements from being adverse to non-adverse but also the opposite. In the last follow-up in 2013, the majority of the clients defined as non-adverse for the last nine years were in some way established in the labour market (including studies). In total, about two fifths of the group were in some way established in the labour market.Conclusions:The fairly high proportion of clients moving between being adverse and non-adverse during the follow-up might support the perspective suggesting that dependence should not be considered as chronic.

scholarly journals Work Participation among Women and Men in Sweden: A Register Study of 8.5 Million Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4642
Author(s):  
Katriina Heikkilä ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Marianna Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
The Life Course

Observational research studies from various countries suggest that women’s working patterns across the life course are often fragmented compared to men’s. The aim of our investigation was to use nationwide register data from Sweden to examine the extent to which generation and time of entry to the work force explain the sex differences in work participation across the life course. Our analyses were based on individual-level data on 4,182,581 women and 4,279,571 men, who were 19–69 years old and resident in Sweden in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015. Data on income and number of net days on disability pension, obtained from multiple linked registers, were used to ascertain each individual’s main activity (in paid work, on disability pension, and not in paid work) each year. Years in paid work and on disability pension were calculated as the sums of years spent in either of these states from age 19 to 69 years. We used negative binomial regression to model the associations of generation and baseline year with years in paid work and years on disability pension. All models were run separately for women and men, with the duration of follow-up constrained to one, to account for the different follow-up times between individuals. Overall, the number of years in paid work across the life course was larger among men than women, and men entered into the workforce earlier. The difference between women and men was similar across generations and time periods. Adjustment for education, income, number of children aged <18 years living at home, country of birth, and the type of residential area had minimal impact on the estimates. Our findings suggest that women spend fewer years in paid work across the life course than men, highlighting the need for continued efforts to close the gender gap in work participation.

scholarly journals Job strain and cognitive change: the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Dong ◽  
William W Eaton ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
Jacqueline Agnew ◽  
Pamela J Surkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area ◽  
Follow Up Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between job strain and subsequent cognitive change over approximately 11 years, using data from the population-based Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study.MethodsThe sample ranged from 555 to 563 participants, depending on the outcome, who reported psychosocial characteristics corresponding to the full-time job they held at baseline (1993–1996). Overall cognitive performance was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and verbal memory was measured by the ImmediateWord Recall Task and Delayed Word Recall Task at baseline and follow-up (2004–2005). Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between job strain and cognitive change, and inverse probability weighting was used to account for differential attrition.ResultsParticipants with high job demands (psychological or physical demands) and/or low job control had greater decrease in the MMSE and memory scores than those with low job demands and high job control. After adjustment for baseline outcome scores, age and sex, the greatest decrease was observed in participants with high job demands and low job control (MMSE: −0.24, 95% CI −0.36 to –0.11; verbal memory scores: −0.26, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.07). The differences were partially explained by sociodemographic characteristics, occupational prestige and health factors.ConclusionsFindings from this prospective study suggest that job strain is associated with and may be a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals Health behaviours and psychosocial working conditions as predictors of disability pension due to different diagnoses: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annina Ropponen ◽  
Jurgita Narusyte ◽  
Karri Silventoinen ◽  
Pia Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract Background To investigate whether the clustering of different health behaviours (i.e. physical activity, tobacco use and alcohol consumption) influences the associations between psychosocial working conditions and disability pension due to different diagnoses. Methods A population-based sample of 24,987 Swedish twins born before 1958 were followed from national registers for disability pension until 2013. Baseline survey data in 1998–2003 were used to assess health behaviours and psychosocial Job Exposure Matrix for job control, job demands and social support. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results During follow-up, 1252 disability pensions due to musculoskeletal disorders (5%), 601 due to mental diagnoses (2%) and 1162 due to other diagnoses (5%) occurred. In the models controlling for covariates, each one-unit increase in job demands was associated with higher (HR 1.16, 95%CI 1.01–1.33) and in job control with lower (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.80–0.94) risk of disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders among those with unhealthy behaviours. Among those with healthy behaviours, one-unit increase of social support was associated with a higher risk of disability pension due to mental and due to other diagnoses (HRs 1.29–1.30, 95%CI 1.04–1.63). Conclusions Job control and job demands were associated with the risk of disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders only among those with unhealthy behaviours. Social support was a risk factor for disability pension due to mental or other diagnoses among those with healthy behaviours. Workplaces and occupational health care should acknowledge these simultaneous circumstances in order to prevent disability pension.

Social capital, labour market status and wages: some evidence from Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-560
Author(s):  
Antonio Caparrós Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Labour Market Status

PurposeThis article analyses the social capital's influence on the Spanish labour market. In particular, this study examines to what extent the social capital increases the likelihood of being employed, taking into account different labour market status, and diverse dimensions of the social capital. Focusing on wage earners, it is also analysed whether network structures in Spain influence on the wage earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology applied to analyse the labour market status is a multinomial logit model. For the analysis of wages, it is specified a wage model with sample selection bias. In both cases, social capital indicators are included as regressors.FindingsThe results show that social participation exerts a positive influence on the probability of being self-employed, and lowers the likelihood of being unemployed. Moreover, it is verified that the interaction with family members or close friends influence positively on wages.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should emphasise how employers assess the workers' competences associated with the social capital.Practical implicationsThe findings provide knowledge to policymakers useful to increase the role of social participation in the labour market.Social implicationsThe importance of social network as an instrument for the job search must be enhanced.Originality/valueThis article overcomes some drawbacks associated with the analysis of social capital from an aggregate perspective. Furthermore, social capital indicators are obtained using the Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CATPCA), which is unprecedented in the economic literature.

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