scholarly journals Social inclusion of clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s: A 27-year follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninive von Greiff ◽  
Lisa Skogens ◽  
Marie Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Market Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Labour Market Status

Aim:To investigate social inclusion/exclusion in terms of criminality, substance abuse and participation in the labour market in clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the 1980s during a follow-up period of 27 years.Method:SWEDATE data are used for background information on the clients. The data were collected through interviews with clients registered for treatment in 31 in-patient treatment units in 1982 and 1983. Data on labour market status, education and medication related to drugs were collected from public registers. The study population consisted of 1132 individuals, who were followed from the year after exiting from treatment (Year 1) until the end of the follow-up (December 2013).Results:Among those who survived, the women seem to have succeeded better in terms of social inclusion both at an aggregated level and when the individual pathways were followed during the follow-up period. When comparing pathways between adverse and non-adverse groups during the follow-up period the results show movements from being adverse to non-adverse but also the opposite. In the last follow-up in 2013, the majority of the clients defined as non-adverse for the last nine years were in some way established in the labour market (including studies). In total, about two fifths of the group were in some way established in the labour market.Conclusions:The fairly high proportion of clients moving between being adverse and non-adverse during the follow-up might support the perspective suggesting that dependence should not be considered as chronic.

scholarly journals Job demands & control among employees in Sweden aged 55-64 and labour market status 11 years later

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farrants ◽  
K Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background As discussions about extending working lives are ongoing, more knowledge is warranted on how psychosocial working conditions are associated with labour market status in older age. Aim Among employees aged 55-64 years, explore associations between job demands/control with their labour market status 11 years later, using a job exposure matrix (JEM). Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. All 616,818 individuals in Sweden who in 2001 were in paid work and aged 55-64, were categorized using JEM into 9 groups, based on tertiles. They were followed up in 2012 regarding their labour market status (main income from: paid work, old-age pension, marginalised (no income/social assistance), sickness absence >183 net days, emigrated, dead) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for labour market status and sociodemographics in 2001. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results The majority (women: 84.9%, men: 80.3%) had main income from old-age pension at the 11-year follow-up; 4.7% from paid work (women: 3.9%, men: 5.6%). Those initially in jobs with high demands were less likely to be marginalised at follow-up (OR women high demands/medium control 0.51, CI 0.38-0.68, high demands/high control 0.68, CI 0.50-0.92; OR men high demands/medium control 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, high demands/high control 0.47, CI 0.30-0.73). Those in occupations with low demands were less likely to be in paid work (OR women low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.62, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69; OR men low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.63, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69). Conclusions High job demands with high job control among people aged 55-64 in 2001 were associated with higher rate and OR of having main income from paid work in 2012, and high job demands regardless of level of job control were associated with less marginalisation. Key messages Levels of job demands when aged 55-64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later for women and men, while levels of job control were less so. High job demands were associated with a higher likelihood of being in paid work and lower likelihood of being marginalised at the end of follow-up.

scholarly journals Associations between combinations of job demands and job control among 6,16,818 people aged 55–64 in paid work with their labour market status 11 years later: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Farrants ◽  
J. Head ◽  
E. Framke ◽  
R. Rugulies ◽  
K. Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background Given current discussions about extending working lives, more knowledge is needed on working conditions associated with labour market status in older age. Objective To explore associations between combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55–64 years and their labour market status 11 years later. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. The 616,818 individuals in Sweden aged 55–64 who in 2001 were in paid work were categorised using a job exposure matrix based on tertiles (reference = medium control/medium demands). Participants were followed up in 2012 regarding their main labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, no income/social assistance, sickness absence/disability pension, emigrated, dead; reference = old-age pension) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The fully adjusted analyses included adjustment for sociodemographic factors and unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension for more than half the year in 2001. Results Those in occupations with low job control at baseline were less likely to be in paid work at follow-up (OR low demands/low control 0.74, CI 0.71–0.78; high demands/low control 0.81, CI 0.75–0.87). Those in occupations with baseline high demands were less likely to have no income/social assistance at follow-up (OR high demands/low control 0.71, CI 0.52–0.96; high demands/high control 0.59, CI 0.47–0.75). Conclusion Job demands and control when aged 55–64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later: high control was associated with greater chance of being in paid work, and high demands were associated with lower risk of no income/social assistance.

Job demands/control among people in paid work age 55-64 and their labour market status 11 years later

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farrants ◽  
J Head ◽  
E Framke ◽  
R Rugulies ◽  
K Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Job Exposure Matrix ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background As discussions about extending working lives are ongoing, more knowledge is warranted on working conditions that are associated with labour market status in older age. Aim Among employees aged 55-64 years, associations between job demands/job control with their labour market status 11 years later were explored. Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using a job exposure matrix (JEM) and nationwide register data. All 616,818 individuals in Sweden who in 2001 were in paid work and aged 55-64, were assigned JEM values for job demands/control that were categorized into tertiles resulting in nine combinations of job demands/control (reference=medium control/medium demands). Follow-up was in 2012 regarding labour market status (paid work, old-age pension, low/no income, sickness absence emigrated, dead). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression (reference category=old-age pension) with adjustment for educational level, age, birth country, family situation and type of living area. Results Women in occupations with high control (OR low demands/high control 1.21, CI 1.06-1.39, medium demands/high control 1.32, CI 1.20-1.46, high demands/high control 1.29, CI 1.20-1.37); and men in occupations with high demands/high control (OR 1.11, CI 1.02-1.21) were more likely to be in paid work. Those in occupations with high demands at baseline were less likely to have low/no income at follow-up (OR women high demands/medium control 0.51, CI 0.37-0.68, high demands/high control 0.68, CI 0.50-0.92; men high demands/medium control 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, high demands/high control 0.47, CI 0.32-0.74. Conclusions High job control combined with any level of demands for women and high demands for men aged 55-64 in 2001 were associated with higher OR of having main income from paid work in 2012, and high job demands combined with any level of job control were associated with lower OR of low/no income. Key messages Combinations of job demands and job control among workers aged 55-64 years in 2001 were associated with labour market situations in 2012. Using a job exposure matrix divided into tertiles allows for greater detail in measuring high, medium, and low demands and control than methods used in previous studies.

A study on orthodontic retention practices in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Anjana Karmacharya ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Ram Bhakta Adhikari ◽  
Nirjalla Malla
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Retention Practices ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Introduction: Retainers are used after all orthodontic treatment, to prevent or minimize relapse and recurrence. Among various retainers used, Hawley retainer and ‘invisible’ retainers are the most common. Most of the orthodontists favored permanent retention. It is obvious that the retention procedures are variable and depended largely on personal preferences, and there does not seem to be any consistent pattern in the application of retention methodologies. The  purpose of this study was to survey the retention protocols among orthodontists in Nepal. Materials and Method: The complete lists of the names and addresses of orthodontists in Nepal was obtained from the ODOAN. The questionnaire was sent to them which consisted of multiple-choice questions and short answer, related to background information of the individual orthodontist, retention use in general, the frequency of different types of bonded or removable retainers that are used, the retention protocol, the type of retainer used in specific situation. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 12.0.1 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) Result: The survey questionnaires were completed by 90.42% of the 94 orthodontists of Nepal, 58.8% males and 41.2% females with a mean age of 36.7 years. Most of the orthodontists used a clear (vacuum) retainer (80%) in the maxilla and fixed bonded retainer in the mandible. Most of them prefer the use of retainer for a continuous 24 hours except during eating and brushing for 6 months to 1 year (56.5%) and if possible, for 1 to 2 years (28.2%). Conclusion: Majority of Nepalese orthodontists provide vacuum formed retainer on maxillary arch and bonded retainer in mandibular arch. There is no specific consensus on other type of retainers, duration of wear and follow up visits which is affected by various other factors.

Social capital, labour market status and wages: some evidence from Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-560
Author(s):  
Antonio Caparrós Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Labour Market Status

PurposeThis article analyses the social capital's influence on the Spanish labour market. In particular, this study examines to what extent the social capital increases the likelihood of being employed, taking into account different labour market status, and diverse dimensions of the social capital. Focusing on wage earners, it is also analysed whether network structures in Spain influence on the wage earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology applied to analyse the labour market status is a multinomial logit model. For the analysis of wages, it is specified a wage model with sample selection bias. In both cases, social capital indicators are included as regressors.FindingsThe results show that social participation exerts a positive influence on the probability of being self-employed, and lowers the likelihood of being unemployed. Moreover, it is verified that the interaction with family members or close friends influence positively on wages.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should emphasise how employers assess the workers' competences associated with the social capital.Practical implicationsThe findings provide knowledge to policymakers useful to increase the role of social participation in the labour market.Social implicationsThe importance of social network as an instrument for the job search must be enhanced.Originality/valueThis article overcomes some drawbacks associated with the analysis of social capital from an aggregate perspective. Furthermore, social capital indicators are obtained using the Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CATPCA), which is unprecedented in the economic literature.

Do labour market status transitions predict changes in psychological well-being?

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Flint ◽  
Mel Bartley ◽  
Nicola Shelton ◽  
Amanda Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Labour Market Status
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