Astrocyte-like glia associated with the embryonic development of the central complex in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Boyan ◽  
Michael Loser ◽  
Leslie Williams ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Central Complex

Homologous patterns in the embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria and the fly Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Meier ◽  
F. Chabaud ◽  
H. Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Pioneer Neurons ◽  
Sensory Structures

To determine the generality of developmental mechanisms involved in the construction of the insect nervous system, the embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria was characterized at the level of identified neurons and nerve branches and then compared to that previously described from the fly Drosophila melanogaster. For this, immunocytochemistry using a neuron-specific antibody was carried out on staged grasshopper embryos. Our results show that initially a simple peripheral nerve scaffolding is established in each segment of the animal. This scaffolding consists of a pair of intersegmental nerves that are formed by identified afferent and efferent pioneer neurons and a pair of segmental nerves that are formed by afferent pioneers situated in limb buds. Subsequently, identified sets of sensory neurons differentiate in a stereotyped spatiotemporal pattern in dorsal, lateral and ventral clusters in each segment and project their axons onto these nerves. Although segment-specific differences exist, serial homologs of the developing nerves and sensory neurons can be identified. A comparison of these results with those obtained from Drosophila shows that virtually the same pattern of peripheral nerves and sensory structures is formed in both species. This indicates that the construction of the peripheral nervous system in extremely divergent modern insects relies on conserved developmental mechanisms that evolved in ancestral insects over 300 million years ago.

Morphogenesis of the branching pattern of a group of spiking local interneurons in relation to the organization of embryonic sensory neuropils in locust

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1330) ◽  
pp. 433-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Axon Outgrowth ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Local Interneurons ◽  
Extensive Growth

The embryonic development of the principal tracts, commissures and neuropils in the thoracic ganglia of the locust Schistocerca gregaria are described. We show that the major tracts and commissures are generated during the earliest stages of axon outgrowth. Some longitudinal tracts can be identified as early as 42 % of embryonic development and by 55 % all tracts except the dorsal median tract (DMT) and median dorsal tract (MDT) can be recognized. DMT and MDT cannot be reliably identified until 65% . The major neuropilar regions, in contrast, are identifiable relatively late in embryogenesis. They are first evident at 65-70 %, but do not become fully distinct until 70-75 %. This coincides with the developmental timing of synaptogenesis. Onto this developmental groundplan we have mapped the growth of an identified group of local interneurons. The early growth of these interneurons (50-65% ) is characterized by slow and directed axon outgrowth which assembles the basic skeletal structure of the interneurons without aberrant growth. This is followed by a period of extensive growth (65-80% ) during which the basic scaffold is elaborated. Finally there is a m aturation phase during which branches are pruned away to produce the mature interneuron structure. We show that, despite initial extensive overgrowth of branches, there is no branching into inappropriate neuropil regions in the embryo. The development of arborizations within specific neuropils appears to be tightly controlled. By using this information on interneuron growth and neuropil development it is now possible to begin to understand the developmental mechanisms that shape the neuronal architecture of the locust central nervous system.

Proliferative cell types in embryonic lineages of the central complex of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

2010 ◽  
Vol 341 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Boyan ◽  
Leslie Williams ◽  
Andrea Legl ◽  
Zsofia Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Proliferative Cell
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