Blood parasites of bird communities in Sri Lanka and their mosquito vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-703
Author(s):  
W. G. D. Chathuranga ◽  
B. R. Fernando ◽  
T. C. Weereratne ◽  
S. H. P. P. Karunaratne ◽  
W. A. Priyanka P. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Mosquito Vectors

scholarly journals Host Phylogeny Matters: Examining Sources of Variation in Infection Risk by Blood Parasites Across a Tropical Montane Bird Community in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
C.K. Vishnudas ◽  
V.V. Robin ◽  
Guha Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Host Phylogeny

Abstract Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affected bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and avian haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We collected blood samples from 1177 birds (28 species) and amplified partial parasite mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to identify avian haemosporidian infection and characterized unique haemosporidian lineages by sequencing. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test the association between seven species specific ecological predictors, four individual level predictors and avian haemosporidian infection risk. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that effects of host ecological traits and host phylogeny on infection risk vary for Plasmodium (generalist parasite) vs. Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and feeding strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusion: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially in predicting patterns of avian haemosporidian infection risk among host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.

Predatory Efficacy ofCulex(Lutzia)Fuscanuson Mosquito Vectors of Human Diseases in Sri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinnathamby N. Surendran ◽  
Pavilupillai J. Jude ◽  
Arulanantham Christie Thavaranjit ◽  
Thampoe Eswaramohan ◽  
Muthuludchumy Vinobaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Mosquito Vectors

scholarly journals Host phylogeny matters: Examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
C.K. Vishnudas ◽  
V.V. Robin ◽  
Guha Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and feeding strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusion: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi- host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.

scholarly journals Host phylogeny matters: examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
C.K. Vishnudas ◽  
V.V. Robin ◽  
Guha Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual-level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and foraging strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, species elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusions: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi-host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.

scholarly journals Host phylogeny matters: Examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
C.K. Vishnudas ◽  
V.V. Robin ◽  
Guha Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract Background: Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands.Methods: We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal.Results: Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and feeding strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusion: Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi- host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats.

scholarly journals Impact of salinization and pollution of groundwater on the adaptation of mosquito vectors in the Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
S.N. Surendran ◽  
M. Senthilnanthanan ◽  
T.T.P. Jayadas ◽  
S.H.P.P. Karunaratne ◽  
R. Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mosquito Vectors

scholarly journals The impact of forest conversion on bird communities in the northern flank of the Knuckles Mountain Forest Range, Sri Lanka

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalya Subasinghe ◽  
Amila P. Sumanapala ◽  
Senarathge R. Weerawardhena
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Host phylogeny matters: Examining sources of variation in infection risk by blood parasites across a tropical montane bird community in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
C. K. Vishnudas ◽  
V. V. Robin ◽  
Guha Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
The Western Ghats

Abstract Background Identifying patterns and drivers of infection risk among host communities is crucial to elucidate disease dynamics and predict infectious disease risk in wildlife populations. Blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are a diverse group of vector-borne protozoan parasites that affect bird populations globally. Despite their widespread distribution and exceptional diversity, factors underlying haemosporidian infection risk in wild bird communities remain poorly understood. While some studies have examined variation in avian haemosporidian risk, researchers have primarily focused on host ecological traits without considering host phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we employ a phylogenetically informed approach to examine the association between host ecological traits and haemosporidian infection risk in endemic bird communities in the Western Ghats Sky Islands. Methods We used parasite sequence data based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, that was amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 1177 birds (28 species) across the Western Ghats to assess infection of birds with haemosporidian parasites. We employed a Bayesian phylogenetic mixed effect modelling approach to test whether haemosporidian infection risk was affected by seven species-specific and four individual-level ecological predictors. We also examined the effect of host phylogenetic relationships on the observed patterns of variation in haemosporidian infection risk by estimating phylogenetic signal. Results Our study shows that host ecological traits and host phylogeny differentially influence infection risk by Plasmodium (generalist parasite) and Haemoproteus (specialist parasite). For Plasmodium, we found that sociality, sexual dimorphism and foraging strata were important ecological predictors. For Haemoproteus, patterns of infection risk among host species were associated with sociality, species elevation and individual body condition. Interestingly, variance in infection risk explained by host phylogeny was higher for Haemoproteus parasites compared to Plasmodium. Conclusions Our study highlights that while host ecological traits promoting parasite exposure and host susceptibility are important determinants of infection risk, host phylogeny also contributes substantially to predicting patterns of haemosporidian infection risk in multi-host communities. Importantly, infection risk is driven by joint contributions of host ecology and host phylogeny and studying these effects together could increase our ability to better understand the drivers of infection risk and predict future disease threats. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of Jaffna, Sri Lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis to Aedes aegypti larvae

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavilupillai J Jude ◽  
Tharmatha Tharmasegaram ◽  
Gobika Sivasubramaniyam ◽  
Meena Senthilnanthanan ◽  
Selvam Kannathasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Tropical Coast
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