An insulator element from the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus suppresses variation in transgene expression in cultured tobacco cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagaya ◽  
K. Yoshida ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
K. Akasaka ◽  
A. Shinmyo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Tobacco Cells ◽  
Insulator Element ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

scholarly journals Involvement of Huntingtin in Development and Ciliary Beating Regulation of Larvae of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5116
Author(s):  
Hideki Katow ◽  
Tomoko Katow ◽  
Hiromi Yoshida ◽  
Masato Kiyomoto
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Disease Protein ◽  
Pattern Regulation ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

The multiple functions of the wild type Huntington’s disease protein of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (Hp-Htt) have been examined using the anti-Hp-Htt antibody (Ab) raised against synthetic oligopeptides. According to immunoblotting, Hp-Htt was detected as a single band at around the 350 kDa region at the swimming blastula stage to the prism larva stage. From the 2-arm pluteus stage (2aPL), however, an additional smaller band at the 165 kDa region appeared. Immunohistochemically, Hp-Htt was detected in the nuclei and the nearby cytoplasm of the ectodermal cells from the swimming blastula stage, and the blastocoelar cells from the mid-gastrula stage. The Ab-positive signal was converged to the ciliary band-associated strand (CBAS). There, it was accompanied by several CBAS-marker proteins in the cytoplasm, such as glutamate decarboxylase. Application of Hp-Htt morpholino (Hp-Htt-MO) has resulted in shortened larval arms, accompanied by decreased 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridin (BrdU) incorporation by the ectodermal cells of the larval arms. Hp-Htt-MO also resulted in lowered ciliary beating activity, accompanied by a disordered swirling pattern formation around the body. These Hp-Htt-MO-induced deficiencies took place after the onset of CBAS system formation at the larval arms. Thus, Hp-Htt is involved in cell proliferation and the ciliary beating pattern regulation signaling system in pluteus larvae.

Tension at the Surface of Sea-Urchin Egg: A Critical Examination of Cole's Experiment

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUKI YONEDA
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Osmotic Swelling ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Sea Urchin Egg ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

1. The compression method for calculating the surface force of the sea-urchin egg, developed by Cole (1932), has been critically repeated using unfertilized eggs of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. 2. Estimation of contact area involved in Cole's equation introduces technical errors. 3. The tension recalculated by another equation including surface area as a parameter is found to remain constant irrespective of change in surface area. This is in conflict with the classical belief that the cortex of the egg of sea urchin is elastic. 4. Neither osmotic swelling nor osmotic shrinkage of the egg affects the tension.

Change in Na+, K+ -ATPase activity in embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, during early development

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
K. Mitsunaga ◽  
M. Hatoh ◽  
K. Yamazaki ◽  
I. Yasumasu ◽  
K. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus

scholarly journals Host Cell Detection of Noncoding Stuffer DNA Contained in Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Vectors Leads to Epigenetic Repression of Transgene Expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
pp. 8409-8417 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Joel Ross ◽  
Michael A. Kennedy ◽  
Robin J. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Insulator Element ◽  
Pml Bodies ◽  
Eukaryotic Dna ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Epigenetic Repression

ABSTRACT Helper-dependent adenovirus (hdAd) vectors have shown great promise as therapeutic gene delivery vehicles in gene therapy applications. However, the level and duration of gene expression from hdAd can differ considerably depending on the nature of the noncoding stuffer DNA contained within the vector. For example, an hdAd containing 22 kb of prokaryotic DNA (hdAd-prok) expresses its transgene 60-fold less efficiently than a similar vector containing eukaryotic DNA (hdAd-euk). Here we have determined the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon. Although neither vector was subjected to CpG methylation and both genomes associated with cellular histones to similar degrees, hdAd-prok chromatin was actively deacetylated. Insertion of an insulator element between the transgene and the bacterial DNA derepressed hdAd-prok, suggesting that foreign DNA nucleates repressive chromatin structures that spread to the transgene. We found that Sp100B/Sp100HMG and Daxx play a role in repressing transgene expression from hdAd and act independently of PML bodies. Thus, we have identified nuclear factors involved in recognizing foreign DNA and have determined the mechanism by which associated genes are repressed.

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