scholarly journals Approximation of SDEs: a stochastic sewing approach

Author(s):  
Oleg Butkovsky ◽  
Konstantinos Dareiotis ◽  
Máté Gerencsér

AbstractWe give a new take on the error analysis of approximations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), utilizing and developing the stochastic sewing lemma of Lê (Electron J Probab 25:55, 2020. 10.1214/20-EJP442). This approach allows one to exploit regularization by noise effects in obtaining convergence rates. In our first application we show convergence (to our knowledge for the first time) of the Euler–Maruyama scheme for SDEs driven by fractional Brownian motions with non-regular drift. When the Hurst parameter is $$H\in (0,1)$$ H ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) and the drift is $$\mathcal {C}^\alpha $$ C α , $$\alpha \in [0,1]$$ α ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] and $$\alpha >1-1/(2H)$$ α > 1 - 1 / ( 2 H ) , we show the strong $$L_p$$ L p and almost sure rates of convergence to be $$((1/2+\alpha H)\wedge 1) -\varepsilon $$ ( ( 1 / 2 + α H ) ∧ 1 ) - ε , for any $$\varepsilon >0$$ ε > 0 . Our conditions on the regularity of the drift are optimal in the sense that they coincide with the conditions needed for the strong uniqueness of solutions from Catellier and Gubinelli (Stoch Process Appl 126(8):2323–2366, 2016. 10.1016/j.spa.2016.02.002). In a second application we consider the approximation of SDEs driven by multiplicative standard Brownian noise where we derive the almost optimal rate of convergence $$1/2-\varepsilon $$ 1 / 2 - ε of the Euler–Maruyama scheme for $$\mathcal {C}^\alpha $$ C α drift, for any $$\varepsilon ,\alpha >0$$ ε , α > 0 .

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Dhaygude ◽  
Helena Johansson ◽  
Jonna Kulmuni ◽  
Liselotte Sundström

We present the genome organization and molecular characterization of the three Formica exsecta viruses, along with ORF predictions, and functional annotation of genes. The Formica exsecta virus-4 (FeV4; GenBank ID: MF287670) is a newly discovered negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus representing the first identified member of order Mononegavirales in ants, whereas the Formica exsecta virus-1 (FeV1; GenBank ID: KF500001), and the Formica exsecta virus-2 (FeV2; GenBank ID: KF500002) are positive single-stranded RNA viruses initially identified (but not characterized) in our earlier study. The new virus FeV4 was found by re-analyzing data from a study published earlier. The Formica exsecta virus-4 genome is 9,866 bp in size, with an overall G + C content of 44.92%, and containing five predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that gaps are absent and the ORFs are complete, which based on our comparative genomics analysis suggests that the genomes are complete. Following the characterization, we validate virus infection for FeV1, FeV2 and FeV4 for the first time in field-collected worker ants. Some colonies were infected by multiple viruses, and the viruses were observed to infect all castes, and multiple life stages of workers and queens. Finally, highly similar viruses were expressed in adult workers and queens of six other Formica species: F. fusca, F. pressilabris, F. pratensis, F. aquilonia, F. truncorum and F. cinerea. This research indicates that viruses can be shared between ant species, but further studies on viral transmission are needed to understand viral infection pathways.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Hung ◽  
Phan Tri Kien ◽  
Nguyen Tan Nhut

The negative-binomial sum is an extension of a geometric sum. It has been arisen from the necessity to resolve practical problems in telecommunications, network analysis, stochastic finance and insurance mathematics, etc. Up to the present, the topics related to negative-binomial sums like asymptotic distributions and rates of convergence have been investigated by many mathematicians. However, in a lot of various situations, the results concerned the rates of convergence for negative-binomial sums are still restrictive. The main purpose of this paper is to establish some weak limit theorems for negative-binomial sums of independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables via Gnedenko's Transfer Theorem originated by Gnedenko and Fahim (1969). Using Zolotarev's probability metric, the rate of convergence in weak limit theorems for negativebinomial sum are established. The received results are the rates of convergence in weak limit theorem for partial sum of i.i.d random variables related to symmetric stable distribution (Theorem 1), and asymptotic distribution together with the convergence rates for negative-binomial sums of i.i.d. random variables concerning to symmetric Linnik laws and Generalized Linnik distribution (Theorem 2 and Theorem 3). Based on the results of this paper, the analogous results for geometric sums of i.i.d. random variables will be concluded as direct consequences. However, the article has just been solved for the case of 1 <a < 2; it is quite hard to estimate in the case of a 2 (0;1) via the Zolotarev's probability metric. Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 60G50; 60F05; 60E07.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin F Fraser ◽  
Lisa A Collier ◽  
Amy A Gorman ◽  
Sarah R Martha ◽  
Kathleen E Salmeron ◽  
...  

BackgroundIschemic stroke research faces difficulties in translating pathology between animal models and human patients to develop treatments. Mechanical thrombectomy, for the first time, offers a momentary window into the changes occurring in ischemia. We developed a tissue banking protocol to capture intracranial thrombi and the blood immediately proximal and distal to it.ObjectiveTo develop and share a reproducible protocol to bank these specimens for future analysis.MethodsWe established a protocol approved by the institutional review board for tissue processing during thrombectomy (www.clinicaltrials.govNCT03153683). The protocol was a joint clinical/basic science effort among multiple laboratories and the NeuroInterventional Radiology service line. We constructed a workspace in the angiography suite, and developed a step-by-step process for specimen retrieval and processing.ResultsOur protocol successfully yielded samples for analysis in all but one case. In our preliminary dataset, the process produced adequate amounts of tissue from distal blood, proximal blood, and thrombi for gene expression and proteomics analyses. We describe the tissue banking protocol, and highlight training protocols and mechanics of on-call research staffing. In addition, preliminary integrity analyses demonstrated high-quality yields for RNA and protein.ConclusionsWe have developed a novel tissue banking protocol using mechanical thrombectomy to capture thrombus along with arterial blood proximal and distal to it. The protocol provides high-quality specimens, facilitating analysis of the initial molecular response to ischemic stroke in the human condition for the first time. This approach will permit reverse translation to animal models for treatment development.


1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 833-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Cohen

Let F be a distribution in the domain of attraction of the type I extreme-value distribution Λ(x). In this paper we derive uniform rates of convergence of Fn to Λfor a large class of distributions F. We also generalise the penultimate approximation of Fisher and Tippett (1928) and show that for many F a type II or type III extreme-value distribution gives a better approximation than the limiting type I distribution.


1968 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Rohatgi

Let {Xn: n ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent random variables and write Suppose that the random vairables Xn are uniformly bounded by a random variable X in the sense thatSet qn(x) = Pr(|Xn| > x) and q(x) = Pr(|Xn| > x). If qn ≤ q and E|X|r < ∞ with 0 < r < 2 then we have (see Loève(4), 242)where ak = 0, if 0 < r < 1, and = EXk if 1 ≤ r < 2 and ‘a.s.’ stands for almost sure convergence. the purpose of this paper is to study the rates of convergence ofto zero for arbitrary ε > 0. We shall extend to the present context, results of (3) where the case of identically distributed random variables was treated. The techniques used here are strongly related to those of (3).


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Xiaojian Yu ◽  
Xuewei Guan ◽  
Qinghao Meng

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the Hurst parameter in the fractional Brownian motion when the Hurst index is greater than one half. The estimation procedure is built upon the marriage of the autocorrelation approach and the maximum likelihood approach. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are presented. Using the Monte Carlo experiments, we compare the performance of our method to existing ones, namely, R/S method, variations estimators, and wavelet method. These comparative results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and efficient.


1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wu ◽  
A. P. Pisano

An important step within the automated type synthesis process is the generation of graphical displays of proposed mechanisms which permit designers to visualize the candidates. In this paper, the concepts of kinematic icon and inactive joint have been developed and applied to the problem of automatically generating sketches of mechanisms, given only the kinematic structure. Each different link type is treated as a separate entity: an icon, with its own predefined graphical representation. Moving-link icons, (as opposed to icons of fixed links) have special properties defined according to the joint types on the adjacent links. The locations, sizes, and orientations of the icons depend on the locations of the joints whose coordintaes may be directly assigned (in simple cases) using joint placement procedures. However, because the icons are defined by assigning a specific graphical representation to groupings of joints, and not just single joint, not all joints can be directly assigned their coordinates and this other class of kinematic joint is defined as an inactive joint. The kinematic icon and inactive joint concepts make possible the sketching of mechanisms with more complicated joint types such as prismatics and gears, for the first time in a systematic manner.


1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Cohen

Let F be a distribution in the domain of attraction of the type I extreme-value distribution Λ(x). In this paper we derive uniform rates of convergence of Fn to Λfor a large class of distributions F. We also generalise the penultimate approximation of Fisher and Tippett (1928) and show that for many F a type II or type III extreme-value distribution gives a better approximation than the limiting type I distribution.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Chen

In this paper, the approximate controllability for semilinear stochastic equations in Hilbert spaces is studied. The additive noise is the formal derivative of a fractional Brownian motion in a Hilbert space with the Hurst parameter in the interval (½, 1). Sufficient conditions are established. The results are obtained by using the Banach fixed point theorem.


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