Concurrent infection of Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, Hepatozoon canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a Labrador Retriever dog and its therapeutic management

Abstract Background: Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs ) affect the health and wellbeing of camels consequently diminishing their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Methods: Blood and tick samples were collected from camels ( n = 170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified, and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp . , Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.). Results: Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1%) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI: 2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8%) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9%) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4%). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Conclusions: The present study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Molecular Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Concurrent Infection with Theileriosis and Babesiosis in Holstein Friesian crossbred Cattle

International Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.5455/ijlr.20200518093609 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sudhakar Karpurapu ◽

Vijayakumar K

Keyword(s):

Molecular Diagnosis ◽

Therapeutic Management ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Crossbred Cattle ◽

Holstein Friesian

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Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia odocoilei, Babesia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, and Hepatozoon canis in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected in Eastern Canada

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10101265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1265

Author(s):

John D. Scott ◽

Risa R. Pesapane

Keyword(s):

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodes Scapularis ◽

Babesia Microti ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Zoonotic Pathogens ◽

First Time ◽

Established Population

Tick-borne pathogens cause infectious diseases that inflict much societal and financial hardship worldwide. Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, are primary vectors of several epizootic and zoonotic pathogens. The aim sets forth the pathogens and their prevalence. In Ontario and Quebec, 113 I. scapularis ticks were collected from songbirds, mammals, including humans, and by flagging. PCR and DNA sequencing detected five different microorganisms: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 1 (0.9%); Babesia odocoilei, 17 (15.3%); Babesia microti-like sp., 1 (0.9%); Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), 29 (26.1%); and Hepatozoon canis, 1 (0.9%). Five coinfections of Bbsl and Babesia odocoilei occurred. Notably, H. canis was documented for the first time in Canada and, at the same time, demonstrates the first transstadial passage of H. canis in I. scapularis. Transstadial passage of Bbsl and B. odocoilei was also witnessed. A novel undescribed piroplasm (Babesia microti-like) was detected. An established population of I. scapularis ticks was detected at Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. Because songbirds widely disperse I. scapularis larvae and nymphs, exposure in an endemic area is not required to contract tick-borne zoonoses. Based on the diversity of zoonotic pathogens in I. scapularis ticks, clinicians need to be aware that people who are bitten by I. scapularis ticks may require select antimicrobial regimens.

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Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.2.19258/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Daria Alanazi ◽

Viet Linh Nguyen ◽

Mohamed Saleh Alyousif ◽

Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽

Abdulaziz Saleh Alouffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Hyalomma Excavatum ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Abstract Background Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a major threat to the health of camels consequently affecting their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Methods Blood and tick samples were collected from camels (n=170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp ., Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.). Results Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI =2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. Conclusions Current study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Successful Therapeutic Management of Concurrent Infection of Babesiosis and Theileriosis in a Holstein Friesian Calf

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1226-1228

Author(s):

R. Ramyadevi ◽

K. K. Ponnuswamy

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Management ◽

Concurrent Infection ◽

Holstein Friesian

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Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.2.19258/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah Daria Alanazi ◽

Viet Linh Nguyen ◽

Mohamed Saleh Alyousif ◽

Ranju Ravindran Santhakumari Manoj ◽

Abdulaziz Saleh Alouffi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ixodid Ticks ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽

Hyalomma Excavatum ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Babesia Spp ◽

Theileria Spp

Abstract Background Camel production in Saudi Arabia is severely affected by various diseases and by inadequate veterinary services. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a major threat to the health of camels consequently affecting their productivity and performances. In addition, camels may act as hosts for TBPs (e.g. Anaplasma phagocytophilum ) causing diseases in humans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of ixodid ticks and molecularly investigate the associated pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia.Methods Blood and tick samples were collected from camels (n=170) in Riyad Province of Saudi Arabia. Ticks were morphologically identified and blood of camels were molecularly screened for apicomplexan (i.e. Babesia spp ., Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp.) and rickettsial parasites (i.e. Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp.).Results Of the 170 camels examined, 116 (68.2%; 95% CI: 60.9–75.1) were infested by ticks with a mean intensity of 2.53 (95% CI =2.4–2.6). In total of 296 ticks collected, Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent (76.4%), followed by Hyalomma impeltatum (23.3%) and Hyalomma excavatum (0.3%). Of the tested animals, 13 (7.6%; 95% CI: 4.3–12.8) scored positive to at least one TBP, with Anaplasma platys (5.3%; 95% CI: 2.7–9.9) being the most prevalent species, followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis (0.6% each; 95% CI: 0.04–3.4). None of the camels were found to be co-infected with more than one pathogen. All samples tested negative for Babesia spp. and Theileria spp.Conclusions Current study reveals the occurrence of different tick species and tick-borne pathogens in camels from Saudi Arabia. Importantly, these camels may carry A. phagocytophilum and A. platys , representing a potential risk to humans.

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Mixed Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, and presumptive Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog

Veterinary Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1939-165x.2004.tb00382.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 249-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Mathios E. Mylonakis ◽

Alex F. Koutinas ◽

Gad Baneth ◽

Zoe Polizopoulou ◽

Anna Fytianou

Keyword(s):

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Hepatozoon Canis

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Tick-borne infections of dogs in Serbia: A review of research

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl201103014p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 107-124

Author(s):

Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽

Marina Zekic-Stosic

Keyword(s):

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Hepatozoon Canis ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rickettsia Conorii ◽

Anaplasma Platys ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Increased prevalence of tick-borne disease in humans and animals is an important public health issue. Dogs can be clinically ill, reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens, or sentinel populations for research. Certainly, small-scale research has been conducted in dogs and this review will focus on the recent studies of emergent and re-emergent tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Serbia. Babesiosis stands out as the most common and important tick-borne disease in dogs. In addition to this pathogen, the presence of Hepatozoon canis and ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum? in the blood of dogs was proved using molecular methods. Seroreactivity in dogs has been proven for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Rickettsia conorii, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex, A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. from the group of spotted fevers, and TBEV in ticks indicates the geographical distribution and potential for infecting humans, dogs, and other animals in Serbia. Further systematic, comprehensive, well designed, bacteriological, virological, parasitological, epidemiological, clinical (infectological), and acarological research is needed in Serbia.

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