The role of sleep problems and circadian clock genes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and mood disorders during childhood and adolescence: an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 124 (S1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Dueck ◽  
Christoph Berger ◽  
Katharina Wunsch ◽  
Johannes Thome ◽  
Stefan Cohrs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Circadian Clock Genes

The potential role of clock genes in children attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Yanni Wang ◽  
Songxu Peng ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Honghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Imaging Normal and Abnormal Brain Development: New Perspectives for Child Psychiatry

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Rapoport ◽  
Xavier F. Castellanos ◽  
Nitin Gogate ◽  
Kristin Janson ◽  
Shawn Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Developmental Neuroscience ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Objective: The availability of non-invasive brain imaging permits the study of normal and abnormal brain development in childhood and adolescence. This paper summarizes current knowledge of brain abnormalities of two conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), and illustrates how such findings are bringing clinical and preclinical perspectives closer together. Method: A selected review is presented of the pattern and temporal characteristics of anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in ADHD and COS. These results are discussed in terms of candidate mechanisms suggested by studies in developmental neuroscience. Results: There are consistent, diagnostically specific patterns of brain abnormality for ADHD and COS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a slightly smaller (4%) total brain volume (both white and grey matter), less-consistent abnormalities of the basal ganglia and a striking (15%) decrease in posterior inferior cerebellar vermal volume. These changes do not progress with age. In contrast, patients with COS have smaller brain volume due to a 10% decrease in cortical grey volume. Moreover, in COS there is a progressive loss of regional grey volume particularly in frontal and temporal regions during adolescence. Conclusions: In ADHD, the developmental pattern suggests an early non-progressive ‘lesion’ involving neurotrophic factors controlling overall brain growth and selected dopamine circuits. In contrast, in COS, which shows progressive grey matter loss, various candidate processes influencing later synaptic and dendritic pruning are suggested by human post-mortem and developmental animal studies.

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