Optical coherence tomography of Bitot’s spot in vitamin A deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Shangjun Jiang ◽  
Daniel Q. Li ◽  
Netan Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

Bitot's Spot in Vitamin A Deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (22) ◽  
pp. e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferrari ◽  
Maurizia Viganó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency among school going children of Jasra block of Allahabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kumari Richa ◽  
Gupta Alka ◽  
Prasad Ranu ◽  
Tripathi Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Regular Intake

The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) among school going children of district Allahabad in year 2015 to assess the nutritional status of selected school going children (aged 6-12 years). The six months study was based on school going children in four selected village in Jasra block of Allahabad district.A structured Performa was used to collect the information. Out of the 105 children examined, 2 (1.90%) had clinical signs of night blindness. The overall prevalence of VAD was found to be 10.47%. Most of them exhibited dull and lusterless appearance of conjunctiva, non-had bitot’s spot, any corneal xerosis, corneal scare and keratomalacia. The prevalence of VAD was higher in girls rather than in boys. To overcome this problem of VAD persisting in community, nutrition education regarding regular intake of plant food rich in carotene such as green leafy vegetables, yellow fruits, carrots and animal foods containing retinol like fish liver oil, fortified food like vana- spati, margarine should be strengthened.

Bitot's spot in an adult without vitamin A deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pyra ◽  
C. Mesnard ◽  
B. Ponroy ◽  
H. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF BITOT’S SPOT COMMUNITY VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY CONTROL PROGRAMMES IN NEPAL AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-120 MONTHS

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilden, R.L. ◽  
Pokhrel, G.P ◽  
Gorstein, J ◽  
Pokhrel, R.P ◽  
West, K., Sommer, A
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekariyas Sahile ◽  
Delelegn Yilma ◽  
Robel Tezera ◽  
Tadu Bezu ◽  
Werissaw Haileselassie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Subclinical Vitamin

Background. Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. Objective. The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Methods. Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot’s spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. Results. Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot’s spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot’s spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Conclusions. Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot’s spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.

scholarly journals Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Uddin Khan ◽  
MD. Emdadul Haque ◽  
Matiar Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

1. The prevalence of visual defects, especially from causes associated with nutritional deficiencies, and their relation to diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh have been studied. A trained physician and a team of health workers examined visual defects in 149 villages, with a total population of 182976.2. According to WHO classification, night blindness (XN) was found in only 0.03 persons/1000 population and 0.04 were found to have conjunctival xerosis (XIA) and Bitot's spot (XIB). Corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) also was found in 0.04 persons/1000. Night blindness combined with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was present in 1.69 persons/1000 and all combined stages of active xerophthalmia were seen in 0.06 persons/1000. Xerophthalmia prevailed up to age 19 years. Males had a significantly higher (2.9) incidence/1000 than did females (1.2).3. The total rate of keratomalacial scar for all ages was 0.31 persons/1000, while corneal opacity from other causes was seen in 2.25 persons/1000 population.4. More than 2.06 persons/1000 had ocular manifestations of one or more vitamin A deficiencies, while 4.47 persons/1000 had other ocular diseases, except for cataracts.5. Only 12.0% of all the corneal scars (XS) were due to keratomalacia.6. History of night blindness is a good indicator of vitamin A deficiency. In 96% of cases, night blindness was associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB).7. The onset of approximately 86% of cases of corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) and night blindness associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was related to diarrhoea.

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