Bitot's Spot in Vitamin A Deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (22) ◽  
pp. e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferrari ◽  
Maurizia Viganó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency among school going children of Jasra block of Allahabad, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Kumari Richa ◽  
Gupta Alka ◽  
Prasad Ranu ◽  
Tripathi Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Regular Intake

The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) among school going children of district Allahabad in year 2015 to assess the nutritional status of selected school going children (aged 6-12 years). The six months study was based on school going children in four selected village in Jasra block of Allahabad district.A structured Performa was used to collect the information. Out of the 105 children examined, 2 (1.90%) had clinical signs of night blindness. The overall prevalence of VAD was found to be 10.47%. Most of them exhibited dull and lusterless appearance of conjunctiva, non-had bitot’s spot, any corneal xerosis, corneal scare and keratomalacia. The prevalence of VAD was higher in girls rather than in boys. To overcome this problem of VAD persisting in community, nutrition education regarding regular intake of plant food rich in carotene such as green leafy vegetables, yellow fruits, carrots and animal foods containing retinol like fish liver oil, fortified food like vana- spati, margarine should be strengthened.

Bitot's spot in an adult without vitamin A deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pyra ◽  
C. Mesnard ◽  
B. Ponroy ◽  
H. Merle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF BITOT’S SPOT COMMUNITY VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY CONTROL PROGRAMMES IN NEPAL AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-120 MONTHS

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilden, R.L. ◽  
Pokhrel, G.P ◽  
Gorstein, J ◽  
Pokhrel, R.P ◽  
West, K., Sommer, A
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekariyas Sahile ◽  
Delelegn Yilma ◽  
Robel Tezera ◽  
Tadu Bezu ◽  
Werissaw Haileselassie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Subclinical Vitamin

Background. Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. Objective. The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Methods. Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot’s spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Q test and I2 statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations. Results. Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot’s spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot’s spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Conclusions. Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot’s spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.

scholarly journals Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moslem Uddin Khan ◽  
MD. Emdadul Haque ◽  
Matiar Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Visual Defects ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

1. The prevalence of visual defects, especially from causes associated with nutritional deficiencies, and their relation to diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh have been studied. A trained physician and a team of health workers examined visual defects in 149 villages, with a total population of 182976.2. According to WHO classification, night blindness (XN) was found in only 0.03 persons/1000 population and 0.04 were found to have conjunctival xerosis (XIA) and Bitot's spot (XIB). Corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) also was found in 0.04 persons/1000. Night blindness combined with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was present in 1.69 persons/1000 and all combined stages of active xerophthalmia were seen in 0.06 persons/1000. Xerophthalmia prevailed up to age 19 years. Males had a significantly higher (2.9) incidence/1000 than did females (1.2).3. The total rate of keratomalacial scar for all ages was 0.31 persons/1000, while corneal opacity from other causes was seen in 2.25 persons/1000 population.4. More than 2.06 persons/1000 had ocular manifestations of one or more vitamin A deficiencies, while 4.47 persons/1000 had other ocular diseases, except for cataracts.5. Only 12.0% of all the corneal scars (XS) were due to keratomalacia.6. History of night blindness is a good indicator of vitamin A deficiency. In 96% of cases, night blindness was associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB).7. The onset of approximately 86% of cases of corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) and night blindness associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was related to diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Night blindness, Bitot’s spot and vitamin A deficiency

QJM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
K Mishra ◽  
A Jandial ◽  
R Sandal ◽  
A Khadwal ◽  
P Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in School Going Children in Rural Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kishor Pandurang Kadu ◽  
Smita Kishor Kadu ◽  
Santosh Yadavrao Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Bitot’S Spot ◽  
Adequate Data

Background: Adequate data on occurrence of ocular morbidities associated with vitamin A deficiency amongst school going children was not available. So, our study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among the primary school children in relation to socio-economical status. Methods: The study was designed among school children of 5-15 years of age after taking consent form from principals of different schools in the rural areas of Amravati district in Maharashtra. A predesigned proforma was used to collect the information. Results: Total 600 school children were examined for Vitamin A deficiency, out of which 314 (52.50%) were boys and 286 (47.75%) were girls. Among the school children 106 (13.7%) students were under the age group of 5-10 years and 494 (86.3%) students were 11- 15 years. According to modified Kuppuswamy scale of Socio-economic status 96 (16%) students belongs to class III, 458 (76.33%) students from class IV and 46 (7.66%) students from class V. Prevalence of Vitamin A deficiency was observed in 34 (5.7%) students, among them 6 (17.64%) had conjunctival xerosis and 28 (82.35%) had bitot’s spot. Among 34 Vitamin A deficiency children 22 (64.70%) were girls and 12 (35.29%) were boys. Conclusion: The presence of ocular morbidity in relation to vitamin A deficiency was observed in students with low socio-economic classes. Prevention, early intervention and treatment of ocular diseases by regular screening of students and nutritional education in schools would definitely decrease the risk of ocular abnormalities. Keywords: HVitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia.

Optical coherence tomography of Bitot’s spot in vitamin A deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Shangjun Jiang ◽  
Daniel Q. Li ◽  
Netan Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Bitot’S Spot

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

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