Autophagy and amino acid metabolism in the brain: implications for epilepsy

Amino Acids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2113-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloy Bejarano ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Reduced purine biosynthesis in humans after their divergence from Neandertals

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Stepanova ◽  
Kaja Ewa Moczulska ◽  
Guido Vacano ◽  
Ilia Kurochkin ◽  
Xiangchun Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Other ◽  
Purine Biosynthesis ◽  
Adenylosuccinate Lyase ◽  
The Brain

We analyze the metabolomes of humans, chimpanzees and macaques in muscle, kidney and three different regions of the brain. Whereas several compounds in amino acid metabolism occur at either higher or lower concentrations in humans than in the other primates, metabolites downstream of adenylosuccinate lyase, which catalyzes two reactions in purine synthesis, occur at lower concentrations in humans. This enzyme carries an amino acid substitution that is present in all humans today but absent in Neandertals. By introducing the modern human substitution into the genomes of mice, as well as the ancestral, Neandertal-like substitution into the genomes of human cells, we show that this amino acid substitution contributes to much or all of the reduction of de novo synthesis of purines in humans.

scholarly journals Oral Administration of L-serine Modifies Amino Acid Metabolism in the Brain of Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Shigemi ◽  
Shozo Tomonaga ◽  
Nobuo Uotsu ◽  
Michael Denbow D ◽  
Mitsuhiro Furuse
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Amino acid metabolism in various fractions of rat-brain homogenates with special reference to the effect of ethanol

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hertta-Maija Häkkinen ◽  
E. Kulonen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Protein Fraction ◽  
Metabolic Difference ◽  
The Brain

1. The increase in brain γ-aminobutyrate, glutamate and aspartate and the decrease in brain glutamine that occur when ethanol is administered to rats in vivo could be reproduced by incubating brain homogenates from rats pretreated with ethanol. 2. For the demonstration of the effects of pretreatment with ethanol on the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate and glutamine, the whole homogenate could be replaced by various supernatant preparations, and even by the soluble protein fraction, which was less active, however. The ‘postmitochondrial’ sediment could likewise mediate the effects of pretreatment with ethanol. 3. When the brain homogenates from control and ethanol-treated rats were allowed to ‘age’ at 2° for more than 7 days, the metabolic difference at incubation could no longer be demonstrated. The capacities of the homogenate from the control rats had changed to resemble those of ethanol-treated rats. 4. Data are given on the effects of the incubation time and of the concentration of homogenate.

THE PATHOGENESIS OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN PHENYLKETONURIA AND OTHER INBORN ERRORS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-308
Author(s):  
John H. Menkes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Intermediary Metabolite ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
The Brain

It is clear that, although further screening programs of neurologically defective subjects are bound to uncover more unusual defects in intermediary metabolism, we are still at a loss to explain the pathogenesis for the cerebral abnormality in the most common of the amino acid disorders. It is likely that no single answer will be found but rather that cerebral malfunction is the outcome of a number of chemical abnormalities occurring within the brain as a consequence of a deranged internal milieu present during a critical phase of its development. However, until we obtain a better concept of the abnormalities in the chemical composition and structure of the brain which occur in these conditions and the specific intermediary metabolite or metabolites responsible for them, treatment for these disorders will of necessity continue to be empirical.

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