The evaluation of the peak flow velocity and cross-sectional area of the femoral artery and vein following totally extraperitoneal vs preperitoneal open repair of inguinal hernias

Hernia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ozmen ◽  
N. Ozalp ◽  
B. Zulfikaroglu ◽  
P. Soydinc ◽  
I. Ziraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Open Repair ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Totally Extraperitoneal ◽  
Peak Flow Velocity ◽  
Inguinal Hernias

scholarly journals A Study of Sedimentation at the River Estuary on the Change of Reservoir Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskahar ◽  
Suripin ◽  
Isdiyana
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Sedimentation Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Channel Angle ◽  
Reservoir Storage

Estuary of the river that leads to the reservoir has characteristics include: relatively flat, there is a change in the increase of wet cross-sectional area and backwater. The backwater will cause the flow velocity to be reduced, so that the grains of sediment with a certain diameter carried by the flow will settle in the estuary of the river. The purpose of this research is to know the distribution and sedimentation pattern at the river estuary that leads to the reservoir with the change of water level in the reservoir storage, so the solution can be found to remove / reduce sediment before entering the reservoir. The method used is the experimental, by making the physical model of the river estuary leading to the reservoir. This study expects a solution to reduce sedimentation, so that sedimentation can be removed / minimized before entering the reservoir. This research tries to apply bypass channel to reduce the sedimentation at the river estuary. Bypass channels can be applied to overcome sedimentation at the river estuary, but in order for the sediment to be removed optimally, it is necessary to modify the mouth of bypass channel and channel angle.

Effect of endurance training on coronary artery size and function in healthy men: an invasive followup study

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. H2216-H2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Windecker ◽  
Yves Allemann ◽  
Michael Billinger ◽  
Tilmann Pohl ◽  
Damian Hutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity

In eight healthy male volunteers (cardiologists; age 36 ± 5 yr), bicycle spiroergometry, Doppler echocardiography, and quantitative coronary angiography with intracoronary Doppler measurements before and after completion of a physical endurance exercise program of >5 mo duration were performed. Maximum oxygen uptake increased from 46 ± 6 to 54 ± 5 ml · kg−1 · min−1( P = 0.04), maximum ergometric workload changed from 3.8 ± 0.3 to 4.4 ± 0.3 W/kg ( P = 0.001), and left ventricular mass index increased from 82 ± 18 to 108 ± 29 g/m2 ( P = 0.001). The right, left main, and left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area increased significantly in repsonse to exercise. Before versus at the end of the exercise program, flow-induced left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area was 10.1 ± 3.5 and 11.0 ± 3.9 mm2, respectively ( P = 0.03), nitroglycerin-induced left coronary calibers increased significantly, and coronary flow velocity reserve changed from 3.8 ± 0.8 to 4.5 ± 0.7 ( P = 0.001). Left coronary artery correlated significantly with ventricular mass and maximum oxygen uptake, and coronary flow velocity reserve was significantly associated with maximum workload.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Estrogen Signaling Reverses Established Inguinal Hernias

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A809-A810
Author(s):  
Tanvi Potluri ◽  
Matthew Joseph Taylor ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Serdar Ekrem Bulun
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Fibrosis ◽  
Inguinal Hernias ◽  
Hernia Formation

Abstract Background: An inguinal hernia occurs when an intestinal loop or fat pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal muscle (LAM), causing a painful bulge that has the potential to cause bowel obstruction. Despite a high prevalence in men (~25%), non-surgical approaches are not available to treat this disease. We recently found a critical role of estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in inguinal hernia formation. To examine this further, we use a humanized aromatase mouse model (Aromhum) where all of the male mice develop scrotal hernias as a pre-clinical model to test the first pharmacological intervention for inguinal hernias. These mice are utilized because their skeletal muscle tissue contains aromatase and produces estradiol (E2), which acts via ERα in the LAM stromal fibroblasts and leads to fibrosis and muscle atrophy. Hypothesis: E2-ERα modulation can inhibit and reverse the formation of inguinal hernias in Aromhum mice by reducing LAM fibrosis and atrophy. Results: We tested three types of treatments to inhibit E2-ERα signaling: letrozole, fulvestrant, and raloxifene. Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, was shown to inhibit hernia formation and reversed small (150-175 mm2) scrotal hernias (n = 10-15/group, p<0.0001). The LAM tissues also showed a reduction in fibrosis (n = 5-8/group, p = 0.0004) and a concurrent increase in myofiber cross-sectional area (n = 5-8, p=0.0356) compared to placebo-treated mice. Similarly, fulvestrant and raloxifene, E2-ERα antagonists, also inhibited hernia formation (n = 10-15/group). Most interestingly, both drugs reversed large and severe hernias (>200 mm2, n = 10-15/group), accompanied by a decrease in muscle fibrosis and increase in myofiber cross-sectional area (ongoing study, n = 10-11, p<0.0001) compared to placebo mice. The drug-treated mice had lower expression of pro-fibrotic genes such as Mmp3, Emb, Spon2, Timp1, and Tgfb1 in the LAM tissues compared to placebo-treated LAM. Furthermore, we analyzed the differences in extracellular matrix producing genes and muscle regeneration markers between the placebo and drug-treated muscle tissues. Conclusion: We find that inhibition of the E2-ERα signaling pathway can reverse mild or severe inguinal hernias. Successful treatment is accompanied by decreased skeletal muscle fibrosis and reversal of myocyte atrophy. These interventions are promising non-surgical treatment options for patients suffering from severe and recurrent inguinal hernias.

Left atrial cross-sectional area is a novel measure of atrial shape associated with cardioembolic strokes

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (15) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182
Author(s):  
Timothy C Tan ◽  
Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes ◽  
Mark Handschumacher ◽  
Octavio Pontes-Neto ◽  
Yong-Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveCardioembolic (CE) stroke carries significant morbidity and mortality. Left atrial (LA) size has been associated with CE risk. We hypothesised that differential LA remodelling impacts on pathophysiological mechanism of major CE strokes.MethodsA cohort of consecutive patients hospitalised with ischaemic stroke, classified into CE versus non-CE strokes using the Causative Classification System for Ischaemic Stroke were enrolled. LA shape and remodelling was characterised by assessing differences in maximal LA cross-sectional area (LA-CSA) in a cohort of 40 prospectively recruited patients with ischaemic stroke using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. Flow velocity profiles were measured in spherical versus ellipsoidal in vitro models to determine if LA shape influences flow dynamics. Two-dimensional (2D) LA-CSA was subsequently derived from standard echocardiographic views and compared with 3D LA-CSA.ResultsA total of 1023 patients with ischaemic stroke were included, 230 (22.5%) of them were classified as major CE. The mean age was 68±16 years, and 464 (45%) were women. The 2D calculated LA-CSA correlated strongly with the LA-CSA measured by 3D in both end-systole and end-diastole. In vitro flow models showed shape-related differences in mid-level flow velocity profiles. Increased LA-CSA was associated with major CE stroke (adjusted relative risk 1.10, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.16; p<0.001), independent of age, gender, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Specifically, the inclusion of LA-CSA in a model with traditional risk factors for CE stroke resulted in significant improvement in model performance with the net reclassification improvement of 0.346 (95% CI 0.189 to 0.501; p=0.00001) and the integrated discrimination improvement of 0.013 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.024; p=0.0119).ConclusionsLA-CSA is a marker of adverse LA shape associated with CE stroke, reflecting importance of differential LA remodelling, not simply LA size, in the mechanism of CE risk.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Cross-sectional Area on Water Flow Velocity by Using Venturimeter Tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan ◽  
Rizky Rizky ◽  
Hidayat Hidayat ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Wahdah Anugrah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Air Flow Velocity ◽  
Analyze Data

This simple experiment with title  the analysis of the effect of cross-sectional area on air flow velocity using a venturimeter tube with aim to know the relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes and to know basic principle of Bernoulli and the application in simple set. The activity was reading water level of capillary pipes the caused by changes of water flow that started from heavy, medium, and low. Then analyzed the data that got for every changes of water flow that started from count the different water level in capillary pipes on big pipes and small pipes after that looking for speed of fluid flow on both pipes. Based on analyze data as a result relation between section wide, speed of water flow and water level in capillary pipes that was as bigger of section wide then the speed of water flow was getting smaller and the level water in capillary pipes was getting taller. This is appropriate with Bernoulli principle that states an increase in the speed of a fluid on a pipe with decrease in pressure and in reverse.Keywords: Venturimeter Tube, Cross-Sectional Area, Speed Of Water Flow, Water Level, Principle Of BernoulliEksperimen sederhana ini berjudul analisis pengaruh luas penampang terhadap kecepatan aliran air dengan menggunakan Tabung Venturimeter yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara luas penampang, Kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler serta untuk mengetahui prinsip dasar hukum Bernoulli dan penerapannya dalam rangkaian sederhana. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah membaca ketinggian air pipa kapiler yang disebabkan dari perubahan laju aliran air dimulai dari deras, sedang dan rendah. Kemudian menganalisis data yang diperoleh untuk setiap perubahan laju aliran air yang dimulai dari menghitung perbedaan ketinggian air pipa kapiler pada pipa besar dan pipa kecil setelah itu mencari kecepatan aliran fluida pada kedua pipa. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hubungan antara luas penampang, kecepatan aliran air dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler yakni semakin besar luas penampang pipa maka kecepatan aliran air pada pipa semakin kecil dan ketinggian air pada pipa kapiler semakin tinggi. Hal ini sesuai dengan bunyi asas Bernoulli yang menyatakan bahwa semakin besar kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka tekanannya makin kecil dan sebaliknya makin kecil kecepatan fluida dalam suatu pipa maka semakin besar tekanannya.Kata kunci: Tabung Venturimeter, Luas Penampang, Kecepatan aliran air, Ketinggian air, hukum Bernoulli

Analysis of Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Vessel Diameter and Intima Cross-Sectional Area During the Cardiac Cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
A.J. Layne ◽  
R.M. Fairman ◽  
B.M. Jackson ◽  
E.Y. Woo ◽  
J.T. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness

Determinants of coronary blood flow in humans: quantification by intracoronary Doppler and ultrasound

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Wieneke ◽  
Clemens von Birgelen ◽  
Michael Haude ◽  
Holger Eggebrecht ◽  
Stefan Möhlenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Lumen Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity ◽  
Intracoronary Doppler

The direct determinants of coronary flow are lumen area and blood flow velocity; however, the precise mechanisms that control these factors are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess by which mechanisms lumen area and coronary flow velocity interact with hemodynamic and morphometric factors, thereby influencing coronary flow. Intracoronary Doppler and ultrasound measurements were performed in 28 patients without coronary lumen irregularities. Flow velocity and lumen cross-sectional area were measured in the proximal segments of all three coronary arteries. Global lumen cross-sectional area and global flow were obtained by adding up the values of all three coronary arteries. Left ventricular mass was assessed by echocardiography. Stress-mass-heart rate and pressure-rate products reflecting myocardial oxygen demand were calculated. Global coronary flow increased during adenosine-induced hyperemia from 197 ± 72 to 637 ± 204 ml/min ( P < 0.001). Global coronary flow closely correlated with the stress-mass-heart rate product ( r = 0.62; P < 0.001). Looking at the two constituents of flow separately, global coronary cross-sectional area was closely related to left ventricular muscle mass ( r = 0.61; P < 0.001), whereas mean coronary flow velocity at rest showed a strong linear relation with the pressure-rate product ( r = 0.64; P < 0.001). There was no interaction between cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity in any of the coronary vessels. Coronary lumen size and flow velocity, the two determinants of coronary flow, are principally determined by different physiological factors. Long-term flow adaptation is achieved by an increase in coronary lumen size, whereas short-term myocardial oxygen requirements are met by changes in resting flow velocity.

scholarly journals The contributions of arterial cross-sectional area and time-averaged flow velocity to arterial blood flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
EthanC Hill ◽  
TerryJ Housh ◽  
CoryM Smith ◽  
JoshuaL Keller ◽  
RichardJ Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document